ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
Dry Eye Disease Association with Computer Exposure Time Among Subjects with Computer Vision Syndrome.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational exposure to video display terminals: a systematic review of ocular and visual health effects and associated risk factors.Journal of occupational health · 2026Pooled it
- The effect of digital devices screen use on intraocular pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction in Central and South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Artificial Tears Containing Lipidure and Hypromellose for the Treatment of Moderate Dry Eye Disease in Contact Lens Wearers.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Trial
- Comparison of the influence of light between circularly polarized and linearly polarized smartphones on dry eye symptoms and asthenopia.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- A follow-up study on visual display terminal use and dry eye disease in the Beijing Adult Dry Eye Cohort Study (ADEC).Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Assessment of Dry Eye Disease Symptoms in Health Science University Students: A Combined Approach Using CVS-Q and Schirmer Tear Test to Evaluate the Influence of Digital Devices.Clinical optometry · 2026Article
- Effects of artificial tears on ocular surface symptoms and visual task performance in digital device users.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A Review of Digital Eye Strain: Binocular Vision Anomalies, Ocular Surface Changes, and the Need for Objective Assessment.Journal of eye movement research · 2025Review
- Tear Film Dynamics in Visual Display Terminal Users: A Review of Impact on Goblet Cells, Lacrimal and Meibomian Gland Function.Seminars in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- The Effect of Four Hours of Continuous Personal Computer (PC) Gaming on the Development of Dry Eye Symptoms in College Students.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Translation and Preliminary Validation of the Computer Vision Syndrome Scale-17 (CVSS-17) into Arabic: A Pilot Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Effects of Smart Glasses on the Visual Acuity and Eye Strain of Employees in Logistics and Picking: A Six-Month Observational Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Observational
- An Investigation of the Psychosocial Outcomes of Dry Eye Disease Treatment in Children with Computer Vision Syndrome.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Effect of Periodontitis on Dry Eye Disease Signs and Symptoms: A Cross-sectional Study.Oral health & preventive dentistry · 2024Article
- The status of binocular visual functions among Taiwan high-tech industry engineers and its correlation with computer vision symptom.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Digital Challenges: Investigating Computer Vision Syndrome in Thai Esports Through a Case-Control Approach.Clinical optometry · 2024Article
- Digital Eye Strain: Updated Perspectives.Clinical optometry · 2024Review
- Dry Eyes among Visual Display Terminal Users Visiting the Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology of a Tertiary Care Centre.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2023Article
- Computer vision syndrome-related symptoms in presbyopic computer workers.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo assess the time of exposure to the computer and dry eye disease (DED) in subjects with computer vision syndrome (CVS).
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in office workers, computer users of both sexes, with an age range of 18-45 years without comorbidities; we included 108 subjects divided into 3 groups according to the time of computer exposure in hours per day (H/D): <4 (n = 23), 4 -7.9 (n = 49), >8 (n = 39). A specific questionnaire was applied to them on the exposure time and the type of visual display terminal (VDT) used, as well as the computer vision symptoms scale (CVSS17). DED was diagnosed with the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI). Ocular surface damage and signs of DED were evaluated with the tear rupture time test (TBUT), the integrity of the ocular surface by ocular surface staining (OSS) and the production of the aqueous basal tear film using the Schirmer test.
resultsAverage computer exposure time, measured differently, was positively correlated with DED development. The computer exposure time measured in hours per year and TBUT showed a significant negative correlation (p <0.001) (rho -0.463). Years of computer exposure and staining of the ocular surface showed a significant positive correlation (p <0 0.001; rho 0.404). The accumulated exposure time was negatively correlated with TBUT (p <0.001; rho -0.376) and positively with OSS (p <0.001; rho 0.433). Schirmer test did not correlate with computer exposure time.
conclusionThe prolonged time of exposure to the computer in subjects with CVS was significantly correlated with the DED tests, in the different ways of measuring it; but not with the Schirmer test.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.