Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33335195›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2020

Properties and role of interfaces in multimaterial 3D printed composites.

Laura Zorzetto, Luca Andena, Francesco Briatico-Vangosa, Lorenzo De Noni, Jean-Michel Thomassin, Christine Jérôme, Quentin Grossman, Anne Mertens, Richard Weinkamer, Marta Rink and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. A tough soft-hard interface in the human knee joint driven by multiscale toughening mechanisms.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
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  7. Comparing linear and non-linear models to estimate the appropriate cochlear implant electrode array length-are current methods precise enough?European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Laura ZorzettoMechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Quartier Polytech 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
Luca AndenaDipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Francesco Briatico-VangosaDipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Lorenzo De NoniDipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Jean-Michel ThomassinCenter for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Christine JérômeCenter for Education and Research on Macromolecules, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Quentin GrossmanMechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Quartier Polytech 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
Anne MertensMetallic Materials Science Unit, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Richard WeinkamerDepartment of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany.
Marta RinkDipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy.
Davide RuffoniMechanics of Biological and Bioinspired Materials Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, Quartier Polytech 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium. druffoni@uliege.be.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In polyjet printing photopolymer droplets are deposited on a build tray, leveled off by a roller and cured by UV light. This technique is attractive to fabricate heterogeneous architectures combining compliant and stiff constituents. Considering the layer-by-layer nature, interfaces between different photopolymers can be formed either before or after UV curing. We analyzed the properties of interfaces in 3D printed composites combining experiments with computer simulations. To investigate photopolymer blending, we characterized the mechanical properties of the so-called digital materials, obtained by mixing compliant and stiff voxels according to different volume fractions. We then used nanoindentation to measure the spatial variation in mechanical properties across bimaterial interfaces at the micrometer level. Finally, to characterize the impact of finite-size interfaces, we fabricated and tested composites having compliant and stiff layers alternating along different directions. We found that interfaces formed by deposition after curing were sharp whereas those formed before curing showed blending of the two materials over a length scale bigger than individual droplet size. We found structural and functional differences of the layered composites depending on the printing orientation and corresponding interface characteristics, which influenced deformation mechanisms. With the wide dissemination of 3D printing techniques, our results should be considered in the development of architectured materials with tailored interfaces between building blocks.

Identifiers

PMID33335195
PMCPMC7747733

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.