Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33333753›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2020

Pandemic-Driven Development of a Medical-Grade, Economic and Decentralized Applicable Polyolefin Filament for Additive Fused Filament Fabrication.

Felix Burkhardt, Carl G Schirmeister, Christian Wesemann, Massimo Nutini, Stefano Pieralli, Erik H Licht, Marc Metzger, Frederik Wenz, Rolf Mülhaupt, Benedikt C Spies

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Three-Dimensional Printing in Pediatric Orthopaedics: Cost Analysis and Emerging Applications.Journal of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Felix BurkhardtCenter for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0011-4134
Carl G SchirmeisterFreiburg Materials Research Center FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8631-6038
Christian WesemannCenter for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9158-3015
Massimo NutiniBasell Poliolefine Italia Srl, LyondellBasell Industries, P. le Privato G. Donegani 12, 44122 Ferrara, Italy.
Stefano PieralliCenter for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0061-8612
Erik H LichtBasell Sales & Marketing B.V., LyondellBasell Industries, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4115-1839
Marc MetzgerCenter of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4893-7594
Frederik WenzBoard of Directors, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
Rolf MülhauptFreiburg Materials Research Center FMF and Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Benedikt C SpiesCenter for Dental Medicine, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1702-1679

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A polyolefin with certified biocompatibility according to USP class VI was used by our group as feedstock for filament-based 3D printing to meet the highest medical standards in order to print personal protective equipment for our university hospital during the ongoing pandemic. Besides the chemical resistance and durability, as well as the ability to withstand steam sterilization, this polypropylene (PP) copolymer is characterized by its high purity, as achieved by highly efficient and selective catalytic polymerization. As the PP copolymer is suited to be printed with all common printers in fused filament fabrication (FFF), it offers an eco-friendly cost-benefit ratio, even for large-scale production. In addition, a digital workflow was established focusing on common desktop FFF printers in the medical sector. It comprises the simulation-based optimization of personalized print objects, considering the inherent material properties such as warping tendency, through to validation of the process chain by 3D scanning, sterilization, and biocompatibility analysis of the printed part. This combination of digital data processing and 3D printing with a sustainable and medically certified material showed great promise in establishing decentralized additive manufacturing in everyday hospital life to meet peaks in demand, supply bottlenecks, and enhanced personalized patient treatment.

Indexed as

HumansPersonal Protective EquipmentPolyenesPolymersPolypropylenesPrinting, Three-DimensionalPL 732PolyenesPolymersPolypropylenes3D printingadditive manufacturingcopolymerCOVID-19fused deposition modelingfused filament fabricationmedical gradepersonal protective equipmentpolypropylene

Identifiers

PMID33333753
PMCPMC7765172

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.