ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Identification of In Vitro Metabolites of Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants BHT, BHA, and TBHQ by LC-HRMS/MS.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Recent advances on environmental occurrence， risk and analytical methodologies of synthetic phenolic antioxidants].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2026Review
- Dietary, Nutrient, and Supramolecular Nanofiber Modulation of the Liver Sinusoidal Clearance System in Metabolic Diseases and Aging.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Beyond Food Preservation: Translational Perspectives of Synthetic Antioxidants.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sustainable and Scalable Enzymatic Production, Structural Elucidation, And Biological Evaluation of Novel Phlorizin Analogues.ChemSusChem · 2025Article
- Spectrofluorimetric determination of butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole in their combined formulation: application to butylated hydroxyanisole residual analysis in milk and butter.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Optimization and Characterization of Interspecific Hybrid Crude Palm Oil Unaué HIE OxG Nanoparticles with Vegetable By-Products as Encapsulants.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The Use of Ozone Technology to Control Microorganism Growth, Enhance Food Safety and Extend Shelf Life: A Promising Food Decontamination Technology.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Detection of Synthetic Antioxidants: What Factors Affect the Efficiency in the Chromatographic Analysis and in the Electrochemical Analysis?Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Active Flexible Films for Food Packaging: A Review.Polymers · 2022Review
- Relationship between Antioxidant Activity and Ligand Basicity in the Dipicolinate Series of Oxovanadium(IV) and Dioxovanadium(V) Complexes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The Role of Cell Proliferation and Extracellular Matrix Accumulation Induced by Food Additive Butylated Hydroxytoluene in Uterine Leiomyoma.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Tert-Butylhydroquinone alleviates insulin resistance and liver steatosis in diabetes.Indian journal of pharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and its analogs, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert-butyl-hydroquinone (TBHQ), are widely used synthetic preservatives to inhibit lipid oxidation in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Despite their widespread use, little is known about their human exposure and related biotransformation products. The metabolism of these compounds was investigated using in vitro incubations with human and rat liver fractions. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was employed to detect and characterize stable and reactive species formed via oxidative metabolism, as well as phase II conjugates. Several oxidative metabolites have been detected, as well as glutathione, glucuronide, and sulfate conjugates, many of which were not previously reported. A combination of accurate mass measurements, MS/MS fragmentation behavior, and isotope-labeling studies were used to elucidate metabolite structures.
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Registered trials
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