ArticleJournal of innate immunity2021
Helminth Antigen Exposure Enhances Early Immune Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Monocytes and Macrophages.
Article in Journal of innate immunity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Helminth Infection, Gut Microbiome Alterations, and Their Impact on Pulmonary Tuberculosis Susceptibility.Journal of tropical medicine · 2026Review
- Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Helminth-Derived Products: Potential Applications and Challenges in Diabetes Mellitus Management.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Review
- Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles fromFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Immunomodulation resulting of helminth infection could be an opportunity for immunization against tuberculosis and mucosal pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Metabarcoding options to study eukaryotic endoparasites of birds.Ecology and evolution · 2021Article
- Mast Cells and More.Journal of innate immunity · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Helminth and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) coinfection is common and suggested to influence the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB). It is known that helminths in contrast to TB induce a strong Th2 response in the host. However, the direct impact of helminth antigen exposure on host immunity against TB is largely unknown. Our aim was to explore the effects of helminth antigen exposure on the early immune control of Mtb in monocytes and macrophages. Ascaris lumbricoides (ASC) and Schistosoma mansoni (SM) protein antigens were used to study the immediate effect of helminth antigen exposure in monocytes, on monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, or mature macrophages, in the control of virulent Mtb H37Rv. Pre-exposure of peripheral blood mononuclear cells reduced Mtb growth in monocytes, especially with SM, but no Th1/Th2 cytokines or activation markers indicated involvement of T cells. Monocytes exposed before maturing into macrophages reduced Mtb growth in macrophages (ASC), and pre-exposure of mature macrophages reduced (ASC) or kept Mtb growth at control levels (SM). This in vitro model shows how helminth infection directly affects the monocyte-macrophage axis at an early stage before cell-mediated immunity develops. During acute helminth coinfection or when helminth antigen concentration is elevated at the site of Mtb infection, these helminths provide an enhanced control and killing of Mtb owing to the direct stimulatory effect of helminth antigens on phagocytic cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.