ArticleMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2021
Synergistic and Antagonistic Drug Combinations against SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05947812 (A Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Randomized Placebo Versus the 8-aminoquinoline Tafenoquine for Early Symptom Resolution in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID 19 Disease and Low Risk of Disease Progression), which is not on this map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Clinical Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Randomized Placebo Versus the 8-aminoquinoline Tafenoquine for Early Symptom Resolution in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID 19 Disease and Low Risk of Disease Progression (the "ACLR8-LR" Study)
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Nitazoxanide on the Clinical Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Clinical drug investigation · 2022Pooled it
- Recent advances in functional studies of coronavirus NSP13 helicase and challenges in inhibitor development.Virulence · 2026Review
- Advancing Antiviral Design: Integrating Natural Products, Computation and Targeted Delivery.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Review
- Enhanced virucidal activity of quaternary ammonium compound-thymol combinations: influence of mucin and mucoadhesive polymers.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Synergistic antiviral effects of structure-guided peptides and a mutagenic base analog on SARS-CoV-2 replication.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Anti-COVID-19 activity and simple HPLC method for concurrent detection of repurposed drugs in novel binary mixtures.AMB Express · 2026Article
- Advanced in Co-Delivery, Controllable Therapy using Microneedle: From Design to Therapeutic Effects.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Review
- Computational drug repurposing: approaches, evaluation of in silico resources and case studies.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2025Review
- Chemical arsenal for helicase Hunters: Striking the toughest targets in antiviral research.Antiviral research · 2025Article
- Breaking the Phalanx: Overcoming Bacterial Drug Resistance with Quorum Sensing Inhibitors that Enhance Therapeutic Activity of Antibiotics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Inhaled Dry Powder of Antiviral Agents: A Promising Approach to Treating Respiratory Viral Pathogens.Viruses · 2025Review
- Genomic signatures and host adaptation of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: A call for global surveillance and multi-target antiviral strategies.Current research in microbial sciences · 2025Article
- Repurposing Drugs and Synergistic Combinations as Potential Therapies for Inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Replication.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2024Article
- Meeting report of the 37th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20-24, 2024, organized by the International Society for Antiviral Research.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Drupacine as a potent SARS-CoV-2 replication inhibitorBiosafety and health · 2024Article
- Research Progress on Spike-Dependent SARS-CoV-2 Fusion Inhibitors and Small Molecules Targeting the S2 Subunit of Spike.Viruses · 2024Review
- The Dual-Targeted Fusion Inhibitor Clofazimine Binds to the S2 Segment of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Viruses · 2024Article
- Two-way pharmacodynamic modeling of drug combinations and its application to pairs of repurposed Ebola and SARS-CoV-2 agents.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Bioluminescence imaging reveals enhanced SARS-CoV-2 clearance in mice with combinatorial regimens.iScience · 2024Article
- ExEmPLAR (Extracting, Exploring, and Embedding Pathways Leading to Actionable Research): a user-friendly interface for knowledge graph mining.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Antiviral drug development for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is occurring at an unprecedented pace, yet there are still limited therapeutic options for treating this disease. We hypothesized that combining drugs with independent mechanisms of action could result in synergy against SARS-CoV-2, thus generating better antiviral efficacy. Using in silico approaches, we prioritized 73 combinations of 32 drugs with potential activity against SARS-CoV-2 and then tested them in vitro. Sixteen synergistic and eight antagonistic combinations were identified; among 16 synergistic cases, combinations of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug nitazoxanide with remdesivir, amodiaquine, or umifenovir were most notable, all exhibiting significant synergy against SARS-CoV-2 in a cell model. However, the combination of remdesivir and lysosomotropic drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, demonstrated strong antagonism. Overall, these results highlight the utility of drug repurposing and preclinical testing of drug combinations for discovering potential therapies to treat COVID-19.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.