ArticleOphthalmology2021
Intraocular Pressure, Glaucoma, and Dietary Caffeine Consumption: A Gene-Diet Interaction Study from the UK Biobank.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal Association between Iritis or Uveitis and Glaucoma: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomisation Study.Genes · 2023Pooled it
- Interaction of background genetic risk, psychotropic medications, and primary angle closure glaucoma in the UK Biobank.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of caffeine on superficial retinal vasculature of the macula in high myopes using optical coherence tomography angiography - A pilot study.Journal of optometryTrial
- Decoding Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Multi-Omics Approach to Identify Druggable Effector Genes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Acute Effects of Caffeine on Ocular Functions in Young Adults.Turkish journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence-Driven Multimodal Prediction of 10-Year Incident Glaucoma Integrating Genetic and Deep Learning-Derived Imaging Features.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Associations of unsweetened and sweetened coffee and tea consumption with incident cardiovascular disease: a large prospective cohort study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Exposome-wide patterns predict brain health in aging.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Interpretable machine learning reveals metabolomic signatures: biomarkers and mechanisms in acute vs chronic angle-closure glaucoma.BMC biotechnology · 2026Article
- Dietary inflammatory potential and glaucoma susceptibility: a nationally representative study from NHANES.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Article
- [Nutrition and dietary supplementation and glaucoma].Die Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Diet, Exercise, and Lifestyle in Glaucoma: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Genetically Predicted Immunocyte Phenotypes as Risk and Protective Factors in Glaucoma: An Exploratory Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Analyses Support Causal Relationships Between Instant Coffee and Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Pyruvate and related energetic metabolites modulate resilience against high genetic risk for glaucoma.eLife · 2025Article
- Pyruvate and Related Energetic Metabolites Modulate Resilience Against High Genetic Risk for Glaucoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Lung Function as a Biomarker for Glaucoma: The UK Biobank Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Research progress of Mendelian randomization analysis for glaucoma etiology.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Caffeine: A Multifunctional Efficacious Molecule with Diverse Health Implications and Emerging Delivery Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe examined the association of habitual caffeine intake with intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma and whether genetic predisposition to higher IOP modified these associations. We also assessed whether genetic predisposition to higher coffee consumption was related to IOP.
designCross-sectional study in the UK Biobank.
participantsWe included 121 374 participants (baseline ages, 39-73 years) with data on coffee and tea intake (collected 2006-2010) and corneal-compensated IOP measurements in 2009. In a subset of 77 906 participants with up to 5 web-based 24-hour-recall food frequency questionnaires (2009-2012), we evaluated total caffeine intake. We also assessed the same relationships with glaucoma (9286 cases and 189 763 controls).
methodsWe evaluated multivariable-adjusted associations with IOP using linear regression and with glaucoma using logistic regression. For both outcomes, we examined gene-diet interactions using a polygenic risk score (PRS) that combined the effects of 111 genetic variants associated with IOP. We also performed Mendelian randomization using 8 genetic variants associated with coffee intake to assess potential causal effects of coffee consumption on IOP.
main outcome measuresIntraocular pressure and glaucoma.
resultsMendelian randomization analysis did not support a causal effect of coffee drinking on IOP (P > 0.1). Greater caffeine intake was associated weakly with lower IOP: the highest (≥232 mg/day) versus lowest (<87 mg/day) caffeine consumption was associated with a 0.10-mmHg lower IOP (P
conclusionsHabitual caffeine consumption was associated weakly with lower IOP, and the association between caffeine consumption and glaucoma was null. However, among participants with the strongest genetic predisposition to elevated IOP, greater caffeine consumption was associated with higher IOP and higher glaucoma prevalence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.