ReviewThe Lancet. Infectious diseases2021
Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the 2020 ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance.
Review in The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05860387 (Early Diagnosis of Invasive Lung Aspergillosis), which is not on this map. Cited by 566 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Early Diagnosis of Invasive Lung Aspergillosis
Who cites it
566 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 928 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence, mortality and risk factors of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients during the COVID-19 era: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2026Pooled it
- Antifungal prophylaxis among critically ill COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Guideline
- Guideline
- Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- The cGAS-STING signaling pathway in the regulation of pulmonary infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Aspergillus fumigatus-a systematic review to inform the World Health Organization priority list of fungal pathogens.Medical mycology · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiological Characteristics of ClinicalJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Increase in Healthcare-Associated Infections: Is COVID-19 Responsible? A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Invasive Aspergillosis Complicating Severe COVID-19: Cumulative Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes Between the First Wave of the Pandemic and Subsequent Waves, According to the ECMM/ISHAM Classification and a Local Case Assessment.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Unclassifiable Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in the Intensive Care Unit: Insights From a Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study in France (2022-2024).Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following mild Covid-19 in an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: A case report.Medical mycology case reports · 2026Article
- 30 years in service, 1996-2026: Infectious Diseases Working Party (AGIHO) of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (DGHO).Annals of hematology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Molecular Assays for Rapid Diagnosis of Invasive Fungal Infections: Clinical Experience with the Commercial CandID and AspID Real-Time PCR Assays in Paraguay.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Real-world study of effectiveness and safety compared among isavuconazole, amphotericin B, and voriconazole in invasive mold disease patients.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Oxygenation-Based Severity Stratification and a Proposed Clinical Diagnostic Workflow for Non-HIVJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Diagnostic Failure in Invasive Fungal Infections: Causes, Clinical Consequences, and Mitigation Strategies.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The clinical utility of bronchoalveolar lavage galactomannan result stewardship within a tertiary medical system.Medical mycology · 2026Article
- Non-Interventional, Retrospective, Multicenter Study on the Renal Safety of Liposomal Amphotericin B in Critically Ill Patients with Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
506 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
36 authors at 17 institutions in 14 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 causes direct damage to the airway epithelium, enabling aspergillus invasion. Reports of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis have raised concerns about it worsening the disease course of COVID-19 and increasing mortality. Additionally, the first cases of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant aspergillus have been reported. This article constitutes a consensus statement on defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis, prepared by experts and endorsed by medical mycology societies. COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis is proposed to be defined as possible, probable, or proven on the basis of sample validity and thus diagnostic certainty. Recommended first-line therapy is either voriconazole or isavuconazole. If azole resistance is a concern, then liposomal amphotericin B is the drug of choice. Our aim is to provide definitions for clinical research and up-to-date recommendations for clinical management of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.