ArticleAnimal bioscience2021
Changes in facial surface temperature of laying hens under different thermal conditions.
Article in Animal bioscience, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Body surface temperatures as biomarkers of physiological environmental adaptation in wild birds and mammals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Pooled it
- Identification of Thermoneutral Zone in Sahiwal Zebu Calves in Subtropical Climate of India.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Use of robotics in broiler production systems: a relationship between technology, environment and production.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Review
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Thermal Stress Assessment in Poultry Using Infrared Thermography in Specific Body Areas.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Facial blushing and feather fluffing are indicators of emotions in domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus).PloS one · 2024Article
- The Effect of Low Temperature on Laying Performance and Physiological Stress Responses in Laying Hens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to identify through infrared thermal imaging technology the facial surface temperature (FST) of laying hens in response to the variations in their thermal environment, and to identify the regional differences in FST to determine the most stable and reliable facial regions for monitoring of thermoregulatory status in chickens.
methodsThirty Hy-Line Brown hens (25-week-old) were sequentially exposed to three different thermal conditions; optimal (OT, 22°C±2°C), low (LT, 10°C±4°C), and high temperature (HT, 30°C±2°C). The mean values of FST in five facial regions including around the eyes, earlobes, wattles, beak and nose, and comb were recorded through infrared thermography. The maximum FST (MFST) was also identified among the five face-selective regions, and its relationship with temperature-humidity index (THI) was established to identify the range of MFST in response to the variations in their thermal environment.
resultsHens exposed to OT condition at 15:00 displayed a higher temperature at wattles and around the eyes compared to other regions (p<0.001). However, under LT condition at 05:00 to 08:00, around the eyes surface temperature showed the highest value (p<0.01). In HT, wattles temperature tended to show the highest temperature over almost time intervals. Main distribution regions of MFST were wattles (63.3%) and around the eyes (16.7%) in OT, around the eyes (50%) in LT, and wattles (62.2%) and comb (18.3%) in HT. The regression equation between MFST and THI was estimated as MFST = 35.37+ 0.2383×THI (R2 = 0.44; p<0.001).
conclusionThe FST and the frequency of MFST in each facial region of laying hens responded sensitively to the variations in the thermal environment. The findings of this experiment provide useful information about the effect of the thermal conditions on the specific facial regions, thus offering an opportunity to stress and welfare assessment in poultry research and industry.
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