ArticlePLoS biology2020
Infection-induced 5'-half molecules of tRNAHisGUG activate Toll-like receptor 7.
Article in PLoS biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative role of small non-coding RNAs in viral immune response: a systematic review.Molecular biology reports · 2024Pooled it
- The Clinical Significance of Transfer RNAs Present in Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Integrative Analyses of Circulating Small RNAs and Kidney Graft Transcriptome in Transplant Glomerulopathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Trial
- qMAP decodes RNA fragmentation dynamics in development and disease.Molecular systems biology · 2026Article
- tRNA-derived small RNAs in tumor microenvironment remodeling: From mechanistic insights to therapeutic perspectives.Oncogene · 2026Review
- Stress-induced breakup: tRNA-derived small RNAs in biology.Trends in cell biology · 2026Review
- Stage-Specific RNA Turnover Drives Small RNA Dynamics inPlant direct · 2026Article
- Dissecting the small RNA code of inflammatory bowel disease.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- tRF-30-FP18LPMBQ4NK in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Promising Diagnostic and Disease Activity Biomarker.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- Elevated tRNA halves in olfactory epithelial cells of patients with schizophrenia.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Comparative landscape of small RNAs in tissue and liquid biopsies for liver transplant outcomes.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Y-box binding proteins in immunity and RNA virus infection.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- A cholesterol-responsive hepatic tRNA-derived small RNA regulates cholesterol homeostasis and atherosclerosis development.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Profile of tRNA-derived short non-coding RNAs during monocyte differentiation and their role in macrophage survival.RNA biology · 2025Article
- Review
- A novel tRNA‑derived small RNA, 5'tiRNA‑Gln‑TTG‑001, aggravates cardiomyocyte inflammatory injury through upregulation of CLIC4.Molecular medicine reports · 2025Article
- Activation of toll‑like receptors by non‑coding RNAs and their fragments (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Emerging roles of transfer RNA fragments in the CNS.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Gammaherpesvirus infection triggers the formation of tRNA fragments from premature tRNAs.mBio · 2025Article
- A hormone-dependent tRNA half promotes cell cycle progression via destabilization of p21 mRNA.PLoS biology · 2025Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Although endosomal TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNAs, their endogenous RNA ligands have not been fully explored. Here, we report 5'-tRNA half molecules as abundant activators of TLR7. Mycobacterial infection and accompanying surface TLR activation up-regulate the expression of 5'-tRNA half molecules in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). The abundant accumulation of 5'-tRNA halves also occur in HMDM-secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs); the abundance of EV-5'-tRNAHisGUG half molecules is >200-fold higher than that of the most abundant EV-microRNA (miRNA). Sequence identification of the 5'-tRNA halves using cP-RNA-seq revealed abundant and selective packaging of specific 5'-tRNA half species into EVs. The EV-5'-tRNAHisGUG half was experimentally demonstrated to be delivered into endosomes in recipient cells and to activate endosomal TLR7. Up-regulation of the 5'-tRNA half molecules was also observed in the plasma of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These results unveil a novel tRNA-engaged pathway in the innate immune response and assign the role of "immune activators" to 5'-tRNA half molecules.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.