Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2021
Radical Cystectomy Against Intravesical BCG for High-Risk High-Grade Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results From the Randomized Controlled BRAVO-Feasibility Study.
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Consensus-Based Development of a Surgical Checklist for Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor: An Initiative of the Japanese Society of Urologic Oncology.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Guideline
- Impact of Effective Intravesical Therapies on Quality of Life in Patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- TAR-200 for Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Unresponsive High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results From the Phase IIb SunRISe-1 Study.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Randomized Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Versus Transurethral Resection for Staging New Bladder Cancers: Results From the Prospective BladderPath Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2025Trial
- Real-world outcomes for high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: screened patients for the BRAVO trial.BJU international · 2025Trial
- Image directed redesign of bladder cancer treatment pathways: the BladderPath RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2024Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of Robot-Assisted Radical Cystectomy vs Open Radical Cystectomy for Patients With Bladder Cancer.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Trial
- INtraVESical immunoTherapy (INVEST) prior to radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: trial protocol.BJU international · 2026Article
- Health Care Utilization and Costs Associated With Blue-Light vs White-Light Cystoscopy: A Real-World Bladder Cancer Population.JU open plus · 2026Article
- Article
- Quality of Life After Radical Cystectomy: Meta-analysis of Neobladder and Ileal Conduit Outcomes Across Multiple Assessment Tools.European urology open science · 2026Review
- Unlocking caspase-8 enables Pt(IV) to trigger robust caspase-3/GSDME-mediated pyroptosis via drug co-delivery in chemoresistant bladder cancer.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Mitophagy in bladder cancer: a double-edged sword in tumor progression and therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- PSMD11 stabilizes PGM3 by antagonizing Parkin to promote bladder cancer progression through energy metabolism reprogramming.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Twelve-Month Results From the CISTO Study Comparing Radical Cystectomy Versus Bladder-Sparing Therapy for Recurrent High-Grade Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2026Observational
- Crosstalk between ZEB1 expression and CD163+ Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026Article
- Integration of genetic, proteomic, and transcriptomic data identifies therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in bladder cancer.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- Applicability of the European Association of Urology 2021 Prognostic Model for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer in a Swedish Population-based Cohort.European urology open science · 2025Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeHigh-grade nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (HRNMIBC) is a heterogeneous disease. Treatments include intravesical maintenance MATERIALS AND
methodsWe conducted a two-arm, prospective multicenter randomized study to determine the feasibility in
resultsWe screened 407 patients, approached 185, and obtained consent from 51 (27.6%) patients. Of these, one did not proceed and therefore 50 were randomly assigned (1:1). In the mBCG arm, 23/25 (92.0%) patients received mBCG, four had nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after induction, three had NMIBC at 4 months, and four received RC. At closure, two patients had metastatic BC. In the RC arm, 20 (80.0%) participants received cystectomy, including five (25.0%) with no tumor, 13 (65.0%) with HRNMIBC, and two (10.0%) with muscle invasion in their specimen. At follow-up, all patients in the RC arm were free of disease. Adverse events were mostly mild and equally distributed (15/23 [65.2%] patients with mBCG and 13/20 [65.0%] patients with RC). The quality of life (QOL) of both arms was broadly similar at 12 months.
conclusionA randomized controlled trial comparing mBCG and RC will be challenging to recruit into. Around 10% of patients with high-risk HRNMIBC have a lethal disease and may be better treated by primary radical treatment. Conversely, many are suitable for bladder preservation and may maintain their prediagnosis QOL.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.