ArticleQuality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation2021
Enhancing the multi-dimensional assessment of quality of life: introducing the WHOQOL-Combi.
Article in Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of the factor structure of WHOQOL-bref in adult population.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- The Efficacy of Closed Versus Open Kinetic Chain Exercise in Knee Osteoarthritis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Measurement Properties of Commonly Used Outcome Measures in Patients With Glenohumeral Instability.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2026Article
- Quality of life of generations X, Y, and Z in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional comparative analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Validation of the Thai World Health Organization Quality of Life-OLD (WHOQOL-OLD) among Thai older adults: Rasch analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Toronto Aortic Stenosis Quality of Life Questionnaire (TASQ): Validation in Polish Patients with Aortic Stenosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The relationship among self-care, glycemic control, and quality of life in Indonesian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An exploratory structural equation modeling study.Belitung nursing journal · 2025Article
- Modern psychometric evaluation of Thai WHOQOL-BREF and its shorter versions in patients undergoing warfarin in Thailand: Rasch analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Quality of Life Assessment Using the WHOQOL-BREF Survey in Hospitalized Patients with Alcohol Use Disorder from Romania.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Psychometric evaluation of the WHOQOL-BREF and its shorter versions for general Thai population: confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Effects of sodium hyaluronate intraarticular injection with continuing rehabilitation nursing on knee function and quality of life in osteoarthritis patients.American journal of translational research · 2024Article
- Women's environmental quality of life is key to their overall quality of life and health: Global evidence from the WHOQOL-100.PloS one · 2024Article
- Measuring population health and quality of life: Developing and testing of the significant quality of life measure (SigQOLM).Heliyon · 2023Article
- What is the outcome of late-onset infected mesh removal after open tension-free inguinal hernioplasty: 3-year follow-up.Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2023Article
- Validation of the multidimensional WHOQOL-OLD in Ghana: A study among population-based healthy adults in three ethnically different districts.Brain and behavior · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionWe revisited the global concept of subjective quality of life (QoL) as assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF to investigate whether it could be elaborated into a conceptually more comprehensive instrument with good psychometric properties. Responding to a growing need for shorter QoL measures with broader social, spiritual and environmental contents, facets from WHOQOL international modules were examined for potential integration into the new WHOQOL-Combi.
methodAdults over 65 years, diagnosed with one or more chronic diseases (n = 2833), completed 41 WHOQOL items during the CLASSIC survey; each item represented a WHOQOL facet. This pool of specific QoL facets contained 24 from the WHOQOL-BREF (excluding general items), and 17 from recent international WHOQOL short-form modules, selected for their generic properties. Rasch modelling reduced the final item pool when assessing the WHOQOL-Combi's conceptual structure. Comparisons are made with the WHOQOL-BREF.
resultsModelling confirmed the tenability of a 36-item solution scored as a five-domain profile, comprised of 24 WHOQOL-BREF facets and 12 new facets from modules. Social and psychological domains were strengthened by three facets, spiritual QoL by five, and physical QoL by one. The WHOQOL-Combi showed sound model fit, excellent internal consistency (α = .95), and scores discriminated between socio-demographic categories. Concurrent validity with the EQ-5D-5L was confirmed for physical and psychological domains. Performance was similar to the WHOQOL-BREF.
conclusionThe WHOQOL-Combi offers a contemporary, comprehensive, integrated, multi-dimensional subjective QoL instrument with enhanced evaluations of social, spiritual, psychological and physical QoL. Acceptable to older people, future research should evaluate younger age groups and other cultures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.