ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2021
Dietary cholesterol and egg intake in relation to incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in postmenopausal women.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Substitution of animal-based with plant-based foods on cardiometabolic health and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.BMC medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Egg Consumption and Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Egg and Dietary Cholesterol Intake and Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Egg Consumption and Blood Lipid Parameters According to the Presence of Chronic Metabolic Disorders: The EVIDENT II Study.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Trial
- Review
- Dietary cholesterol intake and egg consumption in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality after stroke.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Association Between Protein-Rich Foods, Nutritional Supplements, and Age of Natural Menopause and Its Symptoms.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Egg Consumption and Mortality: A Prospective Cohort Study of Australian Community-Dwelling Older Adults.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Associations between Multiple Food Consumption Frequencies and the Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease in High Cardiac Risk Subjects.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Influence of dietary cholesterol on metabolic syndrome risk in middle-aged Korean adults: using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Associations between Cholesterol Intake, Food Sources and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Residents.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Eggs and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: An Update of Recent Evidence.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- The Global Association between Egg Intake and the Incidence and Mortality of Ischemic Heart Disease-An Ecological Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Egg Intake Is Associated with Lower Risks of Impaired Fasting Glucose and High Blood Pressure in Framingham Offspring Study Adults.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Frequency of Egg Intake Associated with Mortality in Chinese Adults: An 8-Year Nationwide Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Association of Dietary Pattern with Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Postmenopausal Women in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study from 2001 to 2015.Nutrients · 2022Article
- A review of research on the intersection between breast cancer and cardiovascular research in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI).Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Cholesterol and Egg Intakes with Cardiometabolic and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese and Low-Income Black and White Americans.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Nutritional Viewpoints on Eggs and Cholesterol.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors at 13 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe potential cardiovascular impact of dietary cholesterol intake has been actively debated for decades.
objectivesWe aimed to evaluate associations of dietary cholesterol and egg intakes with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
methodsWe included 96,831 US postmenopausal women aged 50-79 y without known CVD or cancer during baseline enrollment (1993-1998) of the Women's Health Initiative. Dietary information was collected using a validated FFQ. Incident CVD [i.e., ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke] and all-cause and cause-specific mortality were ascertained and adjudicated through February 2018.
resultsA total of 9808 incident CVD cases and 19,508 all-cause deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 17.8 y and 18.9 y, respectively. After multivariable adjustment for traditional risk factors and key dietary nutrients including dietary saturated fat, there were modest associations of dietary cholesterol intake with incident CVD (HRQ5versusQ1: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.21; P-trend < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (HRQ5versusQ1: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.15; P-trend < 0.001). Significant positive associations were also observed between dietary cholesterol and incident IHD (P-trend = 0.007), incident ischemic stroke (P-trend = 0.002), and CVD mortality (P-trend = 0.002), whereas there was an inverse association for incident hemorrhagic stroke (P-trend = 0.037) and no association for mortality from cancer, Alzheimer disease/dementia, respiratory diseases, or other causes (P-trend > 0.05). Higher egg consumption was also associated with modestly higher risk of incident CVD (P-trend = 0.004) and all-cause mortality (P-trend < 0.001), with HRs of 1.14 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.25) and 1.14 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.22), respectively, when comparing ≥1 egg/d with <1 egg/wk.
conclusionsBoth higher dietary cholesterol intake and higher egg consumption appeared to be associated with modestly elevated risk of incident CVD and all-cause mortality in US postmenopausal women.
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