Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33330335›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in public health

COVID-19 Solutions Are Climate Solutions: Lessons From Reusable Gowns.

Natalie Baker, Rebecca Bromley-Dulfano, Joshua Chan, Anshal Gupta, Luciana Herman, Navami Jain, Anita Lowe Taylor, Jonathan Lu, Jaspreet Pannu, Lisa Patel and 1 more

Open access · goldAbstract readComparative StudyReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in public health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.6field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Clinical waste management.Infection prevention in practice · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. From Vulnerability to Strength: Transforming Health Systems for Climate Resilience.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Transitioning to Environmentally Sustainable, Climate-Smart Radiation Oncology Care.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2022
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Natalie BakerStanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Rebecca Bromley-DulfanoStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Joshua ChanStanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Anshal GuptaStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Luciana HermanStanford Law School, Stanford, CA, United States.
Navami JainStanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Anita Lowe TaylorDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Jonathan LuStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Jaspreet PannuDepartment of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Lisa PatelDepartment of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States.
Mary PrunickiSean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
Stanford University · USStanford Medicine · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the inadequacy of the U.S. healthcare system to deliver timely and resilient care. According to the American Hospital Association, the pandemic has created a $202 billion loss across the healthcare industry, forcing health care systems to lay off workers and making hospitals scramble to minimize supply chain costs. However, as the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) grows, hospitals have sacrificed sustainable solutions for disposable options that, although convenient, will exacerbate supply strains, financial burden, and waste. We advocate for reusable gowns as a means to lower health care costs, address climate change, and improve resilience while preserving the safety of health care workers. Reusable gowns' polyester material provides comparable capacity to reduce microbial cross-transmission and liquid penetration. In addition, previous hospitals have reported a 50% cost reduction in gown expenditures after adopting reusable gowns; given the current 2000% price increase in isolation gowns during COVID-19, reusable gown use will build both healthcare resilience and security from price fluctuations. Finally, with the United States' medical waste stream worsening, reusable isolation gowns show promising reductions in energy and water use, solid waste, and carbon footprint. The gowns are shown to withstand laundering 75-100 times in contrast to the single-use disposable gown. The circumstances of the pandemic forewarn the need to shift our single-use PPE practices to standardized reusable applications. Ultimately, sustainable forms of protective equipment can help us prepare for future crises that challenge the resilience of the healthcare system.

Indexed as

AdultCOVID-19Disposable EquipmentEquipment ReuseFemaleHealth PersonnelHumansInfection ControlMaleMiddle AgedOccupational ExposurePandemicsProtective ClothingUnited Statesclimate-smart healthcareCOVID-19isolation gownPPEresiliencereusable gownsafetysustainability

Identifiers

PMID33330335
PMCPMC7732643
OpenAlexW3108296809

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.