ReviewFrontiers in oncology2020
Genome-Wide Sex and Gender Differences in Cancer.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 103 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
103 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex/gender differences in the association between behavioural factors and cancers: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with quantitative synthesis.Biology of sex differences · 2025Pooled it
- Sex and base excision repair as key susceptibility factors for alkylation-induced mutations, toxicity and hepatic cancer.DNA repair · 2026Article
- Deciphering the genetic underlying causes of sex differences in multiple myeloma incidence and mortality.HGG advances · 2026Article
- Sex and gender reporting in Australian cancer clinical trials: are we doing enough?Research integrity and peer review · 2026Article
- Sex differences in non-reproductive cancers: mechanistic roles of sex-hormone signaling.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Sex differences in gastric cancer mutational burden reflect MLH1-associated epigenetic regulation.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Exploring the functional role of XIST in breast cancer from mechanisms to clinical implications.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Sex Differences in Colorectal Tumor-Associated T-cell Responses.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Male-biased Yap1-Cd276/B7-H3 axis for immune evasion in medulloblastoma.Cancer cell · 2026Article
- Best practices for improving alignment and variant calling on human sex chromosomes.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants increase the risk of four less common cancer types.ESMO open · 2026Article
- Oral manifestations of pediatric cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and dental awareness among their parents-a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Observational
- Sexual dimorphism in cancer: molecular mechanisms and precision oncology perspectives.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Integrative microRNA and transcriptome analysis reveals sex-specific molecular divergence in human bladder cancer.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Temporal trends in long-term relative survival of cutaneous verrucous carcinoma: a period analysis from a large-scale SEER-based cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- FAM19A4 and miR124-2 methylation status in human papillomavirus-driven and human papillomavirus-negative oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas.Infectious agents and cancer · 2025Article
- Sex and gender differences in cancer pathogenesis and pharmacology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Multi-omics protein signaling networks identify sex-specific therapeutic candidates in lung adenocarcinoma.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Reproducible autosomal gene expression changes with loss of typical X and Y complement across tumor types.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
43 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite their known importance in clinical medicine, differences based on sex and gender are among the least studied factors affecting cancer susceptibility, progression, survival, and therapeutic response. In particular, the molecular mechanisms driving sex differences are poorly understood and so most approaches to precision medicine use mutational or other genomic data to assign therapy without considering how the sex of the individual might influence therapeutic efficacy. The mandate by the National Institutes of Health that research studies include sex as a biological variable has begun to expand our understanding on its importance. Sex differences in cancer may arise due to a combination of environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors, as well as differences in gene regulation, and expression. Extensive sex differences occur genome-wide, and ultimately influence cancer biology and outcomes. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about sex-specific genetic and genome-wide influences in cancer, describe how differences in response to environmental exposures and genetic and epigenetic alterations alter the trajectory of the disease, and provide insights into the importance of integrative analyses in understanding the interplay of sex and genomics in cancer. In particular, we will explore some of the emerging analytical approaches, such as the use of network methods, that are providing a deeper understanding of the drivers of differences based on sex and gender. Better understanding these complex factors and their interactions will improve cancer prevention, treatment, and outcomes for all individuals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.