ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Histology of Interstitial Lung Disease in Common Variable Immune Deficiency.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic testing for interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Utility of the 6-minute walk test and health-related quality of life questionnaires in granulomatous and lymphocytic interstitial lung disease.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Lung and nodal hairy cell leukemia with concurrent infectious granulomatosis: a mimic of metastatic lung epithelial neoplasia.Pathologica · 2025Article
- The necessity of geneticist and pulmonologist collaboration in the treatment of monogenic interstitial lung diseases in adults.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2025Review
- Rare interstitial lung diseases: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients: a study from Iran.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Primary immunodeficiency diseases of adults: a review of pulmonary complication imaging findings.European radiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Current Practices and Considerations in Lung Biopsy for Suspected Granulomatous-Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease: A Clinician Survey.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2024Article
- Organ-based clues for diagnosis of inborn errors of immunity: A practical guide for clinicians.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- Differential diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis: a review.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Non-infectious Pulmonary Complications in Children with Primary Immunodeficiency.Clinical medicine insights. Pediatrics · 2023Review
- Raised Serum Markers of T Cell Activation and Exhaustion in Granulomatous-Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Distinct CD8 T Cell Populations with Differential Exhaustion Profiles Associate with Secondary Complications in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Progressive Depletion of B and T Lymphocytes in Patients with Ataxia Telangiectasia: Results of the Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network.Journal of clinical immunology · 2022Article
- Interstitial lung disease in infancy and early childhood: a clinicopathological primer.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Integrating Clinics, Laboratory, and Imaging for the Diagnosis of Common Variable Immunodeficiency-Related Granulomatous-Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Case report: Challenges in immune reconstitution following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for CTLA-4 insufficiency-like primary immune regulatory disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is an important non-infectious complication in several primary immune deficiencies. In common variable immune deficiency (CVID) it is associated with complex clinical phenotypes and adverse outcomes. The histology of ILD in CVID is heterogeneous and mixed patterns are frequently observed within a single biopsy, including non-necrotising granulomatous inflammation, lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis, lymphoid hyperplasia, follicular bronchiolitis, organizing pneumonia, and interstitial fibrosis; ILD has to be differentiated from lymphoma. The term granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD), coined to describe the histopathological findings within the lungs of patients with CVID with or without multisystem granulomata, is somewhat controversial as pulmonary granulomata are not always present on histology and the nature of infiltrating lymphocytes is variable. In this mini review we summarize the literature on the histology of CVID-related ILD and discuss some of the factors that may contribute to the inter- and intra- patient variability in the histological patterns reported. Finally, we highlight areas for future development. In particular, there is a need for standardization of histological assessments and reporting, together with a better understanding of the immunopathogenesis of CVID-related ILD to resolve the apparent heterogeneity of ILD in this setting and guide the selection of rational targeted therapies in different patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.