ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Differential Immune Response to Infection and Acute Inflammation Along the Epididymis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of research hotspots and trends in epididymitis from 2014 to 2025: a visual analysis based on bibliometrics and scientific graphs from multiple databases.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Immunoregulatory mechanisms between epithelial clear cells and mononuclear phagocytes in the epididymis.Andrology · 2024Pooled it
- Galectin-3 restrains T cell-driven inflammation in the testis and epididymis.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Immunological dynamics of the epididymis: from experimental insights to clinical translation.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Depletion of CX3CR1Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Special collection on immune regulation and inflammatory mechanisms in reproductive health and disease.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Article
- Optimizing South African giraffe Epididymal sperm preservation techniques".Veterinary and animal science · 2026Article
- Advances in immunological research on male infertility.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicles, Nutrient Balance, and Redox Metabolism During Epididymal Sperm Maturation: A Perspective on the Complexity of Intercellular Interplay.Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology · 2026Review
- Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP) Alleviates the Defective Epididymis and Sperm Function in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Induced Acute Mouse Epididymitis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Article
- Proton-Secreting Cells as Drivers of Inflammation and Sperm Dysfunction in LPS-Induced Epididymitis.Function (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Human efferent ductules and epididymis display unique cell lineages with motile and primary cilia.Andrology · 2025Article
- Sleep deprivation impacts the immunological milieu of epididymis leading to low sperm quality in rats.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Galectin-1 and galectin-3 in male reproduction - impact in health and disease.Seminars in immunopathology · 2025Review
- Basal and Immune Cells of the Epididymis: An Electron Microscopy View of Their Association.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Regulatory T cells play a crucial role in maintaining sperm tolerance and male fertility.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Myd88 Signaling Is Involved in the Inflammatory Response in LPS-Induced Mouse Epididymitis and Bone-Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory Activity of Diterpenes over Innate Immunity and Cytokine Production in a Human Alveolar Epithelial Cell Line Infected withCurrent molecular pharmacology · 2023Article
- CX3CR1 deficiency leads to impairment of immune surveillance in the epididymis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The epididymis is a tubular structure connecting the vas deferens to the testis. This organ consists of three main regions-caput, corpus, and cauda-that face opposing immunological tasks. A means of combating invading pathogens is required in the distally located cauda, where there is a risk of ascending bacterial infections originating from the urethra. Meanwhile, immune tolerance is necessary at the caput, where spermatozoa with immunogenic neo-antigens originate from the testis. Consistently, when challenged with live bacteria or inflammatory stimuli, the cauda elicits a much stronger immune response and inflammatory-inflicted damage than the caput. At the cellular level, a role for diverse and strategically positioned mononuclear phagocytes is emerging. At the mechanistic level, differential expression of immunoprotective and immunomodulatory mediators has been detected between the three main regions of the epididymis. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about region-specific immunological characteristics and unveil possible underlying mechanisms on cellular and molecular levels. Improved understanding of the different immunological microenvironments is the basis for an improved therapy and counseling of patients with epididymal infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.