ReviewFrontiers in physiology2020
Biological Context Linking Hypertension and Higher Risk for COVID-19 Severity.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of diabetes, hypertension and obesity with COVID-19 mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2023Pooled it
- Baseline cohort profile: clinical and molecular characterisation of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients recruited into a longitudinal COVID-19 cohort study (COVGEN) in Malaysia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Rising Mortality from Sleep Apnea and Hypertension in U.S. Adults: A 23-Year Epidemiological Analysis And Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic (2000-2023).Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- Hypertensive Emergency in the Context of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Clinical Course and Management.Case reports in cardiology · 2026Article
- A Rising Crisis: Escalating Burden of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension-Related Mortality Trends in the United States, 2000-2023.Clinical cardiology · 2025Observational
- Association of TLR8 Variants in Sex-Based Clinical Differences in Patients with COVID-19.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
- Variability in Arterial Stiffness and Vascular Endothelial Function After COVID-19 During 1.5 Years of Follow-Up-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Restoring lung renin-angiotensin system balance through blood pressure control.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
- A Nomogram for Predicting Mortality in Patients with Pneumonia-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes in COVID-19: A hospital-based study in India.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Sex differences in the lung ACE/ACE2 balance in hypertensive rats.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- Article
- [COVID-19 patients in Germany: exposure risks and associated factors for hospitalization and severe disease].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2021Review
- Predictive significance of hypertension in the incidence of complications in critically ill patients with COVID‑19: A retrospective cohort study.Medicine internationalArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents a public health crisis of major proportions. Advanced age, male gender, and the presence of comorbidities have emerged as risk factors for severe illness or death from COVID-19 in observation studies. Hypertension is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with COVID-19. Indeed, hypertension has been shown to be associated with increased risk for mortality, acute respiratory distress syndrome, need for intensive care unit admission, and disease progression in COVID-19 patients. However, up to the present time, the precise mechanisms of how hypertension may lead to the more severe manifestations of disease in patients with COVID-19 remains unknown. This review aims to present the biological plausibility linking hypertension and higher risk for COVID-19 severity. Emphasis is given to the role of the renin-angiotensin system and its inhibitors, given the crucial role that this system plays in both viral transmissibility and the pathophysiology of arterial hypertension. We also describe the importance of the immune system, which is dysregulated in hypertension and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the potential involvement of the multifunctional enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), that, in addition to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), may contribute to the SARS-CoV-2 entrance into target cells. The role of hemodynamic changes in hypertension that might aggravate myocardial injury in the setting of COVID-19, including endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and left ventricle hypertrophy, are also discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.