Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33327939›Full record

ReviewJournal of neurodevelopmental disorders2020

Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes.

Karen E Smith, Seth D Pollak

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05613972 (Using Integrated Suicide and Trauma Therapy to Reduce Suicide Risk Among Adults With a History of Childhood Trauma), which is not on this map. Cited by 264 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
264citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
14.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05613972 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Using Integrated Suicide and Trauma Therapy to Reduce Suicide Risk Among Adults With a History of Childhood Trauma

TypeinterventionalSponsorUnity Health TorontoRan2025 to 2027Enrolled20ConditionsSuicide, Trauma, Major Depressive DisorderArmsIntegrated Suicide and Trauma Therapy
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

264 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 444 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Prevalence and pattern of psychological symptoms in form of dental fear and anxiety in children and adolescents with traumatic dental injuries: a systematic review.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026
    Pooled it
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  6. The effects of childhood adversity: Two specific neural patterns.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
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  8. How childhood adversity affects components of decision making.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025
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  18. Stress and cardiovascular disease: Testing a vigilance pathway in two contemporary theories.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
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204 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Karen E SmithDepartment of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 S Highland Blvd, Rm 399, Madison, WI, 53705, USA. kesmith23@wisc.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-6689-7346
Seth D PollakDepartment of Psychology and Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 S Highland Blvd, Rm 399, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
University of Wisconsin–Madison · US

Funding

Emotion Processing:Risk for Psychopathology in ChildrenR01MH061285 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI SETH D POLLAK · 2001 to 2026
$12.4M
TRAINING PROGRAM IN EMOTION RESEARCHT32MH018931 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI Richard J Davidson · 1989 to 2026
$11.6M
Waisman Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center Down Syndrome RegistryU54HD090256 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI MESSING, ALBEE · 2016 to 2020
$6.0M
James McKeen Cattell Fund naNICHD NIH HHS U54 HD090256NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH061285NIMH NIH HHS R01MH61285NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH018931NIMH NIH HHS T32MH018931-30
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic and/or extreme stress in early life, often referred to as early adversity, childhood trauma, or early life stress, has been associated with a wide range of adverse effects on development. However, while early life stress has been linked to negative effects on a number of neural systems, the specific mechanisms through which early life stress influences development and individual differences in children's outcomes are still not well understood. MAIN TEXT: The current paper reviews the existing literature on the neurobiological effects of early life stress and their ties to children's psychological and behavioral development.

conclusionsEarly life stress has persistent and pervasive effects on prefrontal-hypothalamic-amygdala and dopaminergic circuits that are at least partially mediated by alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. However, to date, this research has primarily utilized methods of assessment that focus solely on children's event exposures. Incorporating assessment of factors that influence children's interpretation of stressors, along with stressful events, has the potential to provide further insight into the mechanisms contributing to individual differences in neurodevelopmental effects of early life stress. This can aid in further elucidating specific mechanisms through which these neurobiological changes influence development and contribute to risk for psychopathology and health disorders.

Indexed as

Adverse Childhood ExperiencesHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemStress, PsychologicalAmygdalaChildHumansPituitary-Adrenal SystemDevelopmental disordersEarly adversityEarly life stressNeurobiological development

Identifiers

PMID33327939
PMCPMC7745388
OpenAlexW3111898468

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.