Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33327545›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors in Prostate Cancer: Molecular Aspects and Biological Functions.

Fabrizio Fontana, Monica Marzagalli, Marina Montagnani Marelli, Michela Raimondi, Roberta M Moretti, Patrizia Limonta

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular disease risk with degarelix and GnRH agonists in prostate cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Review
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  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
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  8. Article
  9. Article
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  11. Article
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  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Adipocytes reprogram prostate cancer stem cell machinery.Journal of cell communication and signaling · 2023
    Article
  19. The Role ofToxics · 2023
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Fabrizio FontanaDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Monica MarzagalliDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Marina Montagnani MarelliDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2965-509X
Michela RaimondiDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Roberta M MorettiDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.
Patrizia LimontaDepartment of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7028-3008
University of Milan · IT

Funding

AIRC AIRC fellowship (F.F.)Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Univeristà degli Studi di Milano MIUR Progetto di Eccellenza
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pituitary Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone receptors (GnRH-R) mediate the activity of the hypothalamic decapeptide GnRH, thus playing a key role in the regulation of the reproductive axis. Early-stage prostate cancer (PCa) is dependent on serum androgen levels, and androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), based on GnRH agonists and antagonists, represents the standard therapeutic approach for PCa patients. Unfortunately, the tumor often progresses towards the more aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) stage. GnRH receptors are also expressed in CRPC tissues, where their binding to both GnRH agonists and antagonists is associated with significant antiproliferative/proapoptotic, antimetastatic and antiangiogenic effects, mediated by the Gαi/cAMP signaling cascade. GnRH agonists and antagonists are now considered as an effective therapeutic strategy for CRPC patients with many clinical trials demonstrating that the combined use of these drugs with standard therapies (i.e., docetaxel, enzalutamide, abiraterone) significantly improves disease-free survival. In this context, GnRH-based bioconjugates (cytotoxic drugs covalently linked to a GnRH-based decapeptide) have been recently developed. The rationale of this treatment is that the GnRH peptide selectively binds to its receptors, delivering the cytotoxic drug to CRPC cells while sparing nontumor cells. Some of these compounds have already entered clinical trials.

Indexed as

AndrostenesAnimalsBenzamidesDocetaxelGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneHumansMaleNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoinProstatic NeoplasmsProstatic Neoplasms, Castration-ResistantReceptors, LHRHSignal TransductionabirateroneAndrostenesBenzamidesDocetaxelenzalutamideGonadotropin-Releasing HormoneNitrilesPhenylthiohydantoinReceptors, LHRHantiproliferative/proapoptotic activitycastration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)cytotoxic GnRH-based bioconjugatesGnRH agonistsGnRH antagonistsGnRH receptors (GnRH-R)

Identifiers

PMID33327545
PMCPMC7765031
OpenAlexW3112600277

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.