Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33326802›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2021

Mechanisms and biomarkers of inflammatory endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps.

Aiko I Klingler, Whitney W Stevens, Bruce K Tan, Anju T Peters, Julie A Poposki, Leslie C Grammer, Kevin C Welch, Stephanie S Smith, David B Conley, Robert C Kern and 2 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
11.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 118 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. [Research progress on the improvement of olfactory function by different surgical procedures for chronic rhinosinusitis].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026
    Review
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  11. Prognostic value of preoperative CCL26 serum levels in the surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026
    Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: Are They Related?Current allergy and asthma reports · 2025
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
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  20. The impact of the bitter taste receptor on the predisposition to chronic rhinosinusitis.Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale · 2025
    Article

9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Aiko I KlinglerDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Whitney W StevensDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Bruce K TanDepartment of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Anju T PetersDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Julie A PoposkiDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Leslie C GrammerDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Kevin C WelchDepartment of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Stephanie S SmithDepartment of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
David B ConleyDepartment of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Robert C KernDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Robert P SchleimerDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
Atsushi KatoDivision of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Otolaryngology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill. Electronic address: a-kato@northwestern.edu.
Northwestern University · US

Funding

Population-based CRS epidemiology: sex differences, natural history, and long-term outcomes based on clinically-defined phenotypes and biologically-based endotypes - GeisingerP01AI145818 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI SCHLEIMER, ROBERT P · 2019 to 2023
$9.3M
Systems Genetics Approach to Gene Discovery in Chronic RhinosinusitisU19AI106683 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI KERN, ROBERT C · 2014 to 2017
$7.9M
Glucocorticosteroid Action In Inflammatory DiseaseR37HL068546 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI SCHLEIMER, ROBERT P · 2009 to 2018
$3.5M
Initiators, biomarkers and mechanisms of epithelial dysfunction and immune pathogenesis in chronic rhinosinusitis and aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)R01AI137174 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI SCHLEIMER, ROBERT P · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
Role of Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin in Chronic RhinosinusitisR01AI104733 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI KATO, ATSUSHI · 2014 to 2018
$1.9M
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of the Pathogenesis of Aspirin Exacerbated Respiratory DiseaseK23AI141694 · NIAID · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI STEVENS, WHITNEY W · 2019 to 2023
$948k
NHLBI NIH HHS R37 HL068546NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI141694NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI145818NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI104733NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI137174NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI106683
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) is a common disease that is characterized by multiple inflammatory endotypes. However, the molecular mechanisms in CRSsNP are poorly understood compared with those of polypoid CRS.

objectiveOur aim was to identify mechanisms and biomarkers associated with inflammatory endotypes underpinning CRSsNP.

methodsEthmoid tissues and nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) were obtained from control patients and patients with CRS. The gene expression profiles were determined by microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR, and expression of proteins was measured by ELISA and Luminex analysis.

resultsMicroarray found that compared with their levels of expression in control tissue, the levels of expression of 126, 241, and 545 genes were more than 3-fold and significantly elevated in CRSsNP with type 1 (T1) endotype, type 2 (T2) endotype, and type 3 (T3) endotype, respectively. Selected identified genes were confirmed by RT-PCR. Gene set enrichment analysis suggested that T1 CRSsNP was associated with IFN-γ signaling and antiviral immunity controlled by T cells (T

conclusionsInflammatory endotypes in CRSsNP were controlled by different molecular mechanisms. NLF biomarker assays may allow for more precise and personalized medical treatments in CRS.

Indexed as

BiomarkersChronic DiseaseEthmoid SinusHumansInflammationNasal Lavage FluidNasal PolypsRhinitisSinusitisTranscriptomeBiomarkersbiomarkerChronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polypsendotypetranscriptome

Identifiers

PMID33326802
PMCPMC8216505
OpenAlexW3111198183

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.