Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33326771›Full record

ArticleCurrent biology : CB2021

Color Compensation in Anomalous Trichromats Assessed with fMRI.

Katherine E M Tregillus, Zoey J Isherwood, John E Vanston, Stephen A Engel, Donald I A MacLeod, Ichiro Kuriki, Michael A Webster

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Current biology : CB, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  5. Article
  6. Achromatic loci in normal and anomalous trichromats.Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision · 2025
    Article
  7. Color and Spatial Frequency Provide Functional Signatures of Retinotopic Visual Areas.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
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  11. Article
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  13. Gaining the system: limits to compensating color deficiencies through post-receptoral gain changes.Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision · 2023
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Katherine E M TregillusDepartment of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 75 E River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address: kmussell@umn.edu.
Zoey J IsherwoodDepartment of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
John E VanstonDepartment of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA.
Stephen A EngelDepartment of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, 75 E River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Donald I A MacLeodDepartment of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, Muir Lane, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Ichiro KurikiResearch Institute for Electrical Communication, Tohoku University, Sendai 2 Chome-1-1 Katahira, Aoba Ward, Sendai Miyagi 980-8577, Japan.
Michael A WebsterDepartment of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA.

Funding

Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality CoreP20GM103650 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO · PI WEBSTER, MICHAEL A · 2012 to 2022
$20.9M
Visual TestingP30EY011374 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI NEWMAN, ERIC A · 1996 to 2019
$8.8M
SALIENCE, ADAPTATION, AND NATURAL IMAGE STATISTICSR01EY010834 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO · PI WEBSTER, MICHAEL A · 2000 to 2023
$4.6M
Neural mechanisms of long-term plasticity in human visual cortexF32EY031178 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI TREGILLUS, KATHERINE ELIZABETH MUSSELL · 2020 to 2021
$120k
COLOR CONTRAST ADAPTATIONR29EY010834 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO · PI WEBSTER, MICHAEL A · 1995 to 1999
–
NEI NIH HHS F32 EY031178NEI NIH HHS P30 EY011374NEI NIH HHS R01 EY010834NEI NIH HHS R29 EY010834NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103650
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Anomalous trichromacy is a common form of congenital color deficiency resulting from a genetic alteration in the photopigments of the eye's light receptors. The changes reduce sensitivity to reddish and greenish hues, yet previous work suggests that these observers may experience the world to be more colorful than their altered receptor sensitivities would predict, potentially indicating an amplification of post-receptoral signals. However, past evidence suggesting such a gain adjustment rests on subjective measures of color appearance or salience. We directly tested for neural amplification by using fMRI to measure cortical responses in color-anomalous and normal control observers. Color contrast response functions were measured in two experiments with different tasks to control for attentional factors. Both experiments showed a predictable reduction in chromatic responses for anomalous trichromats in primary visual cortex. However, in later areas V2v and V3v, chromatic responses in the two groups were indistinguishable. Our results provide direct evidence for neural plasticity that compensates for the deficiency in the initial receptor color signals and suggest that the site of this compensation is in early visual cortex.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingAdultColor PerceptionColor Vision DefectsFemaleHumansMalePrimary Visual CortexYoung Adultadaptationanomalous trichromacyattentioncolor blindnesscolor visioncolor vision deficiencycompensationearly visual cortexfMRIplasticity

Identifiers

PMID33326771
PMCPMC7946702

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.