ReviewMolecular microbiology2021
Type IV secretion systems: Advances in structure, function, and activation.
Review in Molecular microbiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 225 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Love and Hate Relationship between T5SS and Other Secretion Systems in Bacteria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Pangenome analysis reveals both niche-specific "specialists" and microbial "side hustlers" in colorectal cancer microbiomes.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Phenotypic divergence is driven by mobile genetic elements in a heritable insect symbiont.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Expression of conjugation genes is controlled by a novel zipper-type transcriptional attenuation mechanism.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Article
- Reprogramming host histone modifications by bacterial pathogens.Molecules and cells · 2026Review
- Reversing Antibiotic Resistance: Strategies From Adjuvants to Innovative Therapeutics.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Article
- Type IV Secretion System Drives Lipid Mixing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dietary intake of enrofloxacin promotes the spread of antibiotic resistance from food to simulated human gut.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Type IV secretion systems: reconciling diversity through a unified nomenclature.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Conjugation as an evolutionary bottleneck in antimicrobial resistance spread.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Characterization of the conjugative modules of the pRAS4 plasmid ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Classification of virulence factors based on dual-channel neural networks with pre-trained language models.PloS one · 2026Article
- Crucial Gram-positive type IV secretion system protein TraF is a structural homolog of type VII secretion system protein EssB/YukC.microLife · 2026Article
- Cross-species transmission ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The R plasmid pRAS2 in the fish pathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Transmembrane effector substrates of type IV secretion systems: mechanisms of secretion and insertion into host cell membranes.microLife · 2026Review
- Modulation of host cell pathways bymLife · 2025Review
- Longitudinal gut microbiota tracking reveals the dynamics of horizontal gene transfer.Nature communications · 2025Article
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies: (i) conjugation systems that mediate interbacterial DNA transfer and (ii) effector translocators that deliver effector macromolecules into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. A few other T4SSs export DNA or proteins to the milieu, or import exogenous DNA. The T4SSs are defined by 6 or 12 conserved "core" subunits that respectively elaborate "minimized" systems in Gram-positive or -negative bacteria. However, many "expanded" T4SSs are built from "core" subunits plus numerous others that are system-specific, which presumptively broadens functional capabilities. Recently, there has been exciting progress in defining T4SS assembly pathways and architectures using a combination of fluorescence and cryoelectron microscopy. This review will highlight advances in our knowledge of structure-function relationships for model Gram-negative bacterial T4SSs, including "minimized" systems resembling the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB/VirD4 T4SS and "expanded" systems represented by the Helicobacter pylori Cag, Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm, and F plasmid-encoded Tra T4SSs. Detailed studies of these model systems are generating new insights, some at atomic resolution, to long-standing questions concerning mechanisms of substrate recruitment, T4SS channel architecture, conjugative pilus assembly, and machine adaptations contributing to T4SS functional versatility.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.