Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33326609›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of cancer2021

Associations of coffee and tea consumption with lung cancer risk.

Jingjing Zhu, Stephanie A Smith-Warner, Danxia Yu, Xuehong Zhang, William J Blot, Yong-Bing Xiang, Rashmi Sinha, Yikyung Park, Shoichiro Tsugane, Emily White and 27 more

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. The Current Roadmap of Lung Cancer Biology, Genomics and Racial Disparity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. A Decade of Research on Coffee as an Anticarcinogenic Beverage.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

37 authors at 18 institutions in 7 countries.

Jingjing ZhuDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Stephanie A Smith-WarnerDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Danxia YuDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Xuehong ZhangDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
William J BlotDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Yong-Bing XiangState Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3840-9915
Rashmi SinhaDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Yikyung ParkDivision of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Shoichiro TsuganeDivision of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Emily WhiteCancer Prevention Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Woon-Puay KohHealth Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
Sue K ParkDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5002-9707
Norie SawadaDepartment of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-1476
Seiki KanemuraDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Yumi SugawaraDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0197-6772
Ichiro TsujiDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Kim RobienDepartment of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
Yasutake TomataDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Keun-Young YooDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Jeongseon KimDepartment of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center of Korea, Goyang, South Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0889-2686
Jian-Min YuanDivision of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4620-3108
Yu-Tang GaoState Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Nathaniel RothmanDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
DeAnn LazovichDivision of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Sarah K AbeDepartment of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Md Shafiur RahmanDivision of Prevention, Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Erikka LoftfieldDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Yumie TakataCollege of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
Xin LiDepartment of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.
Jung Eun LeeDepartment of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
Eiko SaitoDivision of Cancer Statistics Integration, Center for Cancer Control and Information Services National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
Neal D FreedmanDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Manami InoueDepartment of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Qing LanDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Walter C WillettDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Wei ZhengDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1226-070X
Xiao-Ou ShuDivision of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0711-8314
National Cancer Institute · USVanderbilt University Medical Center · USTohoku University · JPDepartment of Health · IESeoul National University · KRHarvard University · USNational Cancer Center · USNational Center for Global Health and Medicine · JPRenji Hospital · CNBrigham and Women's Hospital · USFred Hutch Cancer Center · USIndiana University Bloomington · USMilken Institute · USNational University of Singapore · SGOregon State University · USUniversity of Minnesota · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · USWashington University in St. Louis · US

Funding

Washington University Nutrition Obesity Research CenterP30DK056341 · NIDDK · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Brian N Finck · 1999 to 2026
$30.2M
Prospective studies of cancer etiology and prevention in Shanghai and SingaporeR01CA144034 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI YUAN, JIAN-MIN · 2010 to 2014
$7.0M
Cohort Study of Cancer inhibitory Factors in MenR01CA082729 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI SHU, XIAO-OU · 2001 to 2011
$6.3M
Shanghai Womens Health StudyUM1CA182910 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI ZHENG, WEI · 2014 to 2018
$5.9M
THE SINGAPORE COHORT STUDY OF DIET AND CANCERR01CA080205 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI YUAN, JIAN-MIN · 1999 to 2009
$5.3M
Shanghai Men's Health StudyUM1CA173640 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI SHU, XIAO-OU · 2013 to 2017
$4.9M
Cancer epidemiology cohorts in Shanghai and Singapore UM1CA182876 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI YUAN, JIAN-MIN · 2014 to 2018
$4.3M
Calcium intake and lung cancer: effect modification by sex and smoking statusR03CA183021 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI SHU, XIAO-OU · 2014 to 2015
$157k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA080205NCI NIH HHS R01 CA082729NCI NIH HHS R01 CA144034NCI NIH HHS R03 CA183021NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA173640NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA182876NCI NIH HHS UM1 CA182910NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK056341NIH HHS R03 CA183021
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Associations of coffee and tea consumption with lung cancer risk have been inconsistent, and most lung cancer cases investigated were smokers. Included in this study were over 1.1 million participants from 17 prospective cohorts. Cox regression analyses were conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Potential effect modifications by sex, smoking, race, cancer subtype and coffee type were assessed. After a median 8.6 years of follow-up, 20 280 incident lung cancer cases were identified. Compared with noncoffee and nontea consumption, HRs (95% CIs) associated with exclusive coffee drinkers (≥2 cups/d) among current, former and never smokers were 1.30 (1.15-1.47), 1.49 (1.27-1.74) and 1.35 (1.15-1.58), respectively. Corresponding HRs for exclusive tea drinkers (≥2 cups/d) were 1.16 (1.02-1.32), 1.10 (0.92-1.32) and 1.37 (1.17-1.61). In general, the coffee and tea associations did not differ significantly by sex, race or histologic subtype. Our findings suggest that higher consumption of coffee or tea is associated with increased lung cancer risk. However, these findings should not be assumed to be causal because of the likelihood of residual confounding by smoking, including passive smoking, and change of coffee and tea consumption after study enrolment.

Identifiers

PMID33326609
PMCPMC8460087
OpenAlexW3111857491

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.