ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2021
CD4+ follicular regulatory T cells optimize the influenza virus-specific B cell response.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- An "old" cytokine's new trick: IL-1β in B cells and the germinal center.Function (Oxford, England) · 2026Review
- A semi-replicating VSV (srVSV)-based platform for developing broad-spectrum mucosal vaccines against influenza A viruses.Virologica Sinica · 2026Article
- The role of T cells in influenza infection and vaccination.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Stability and progressive differentiation of TNature immunology · 2026Article
- The role of IL-10 in antiviral immune memory development.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- The role and mechanisms of multiple immunoregulatory cells in pulmonary tuberculosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Parenteral neonatal priming followed by heterologous mucosal booster favors IgMFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CD4Vaccines · 2025Article
- The T follicular helper/T follicular helper regulatory pathway in FVIII immune responses in mice.Blood · 2025Article
- T Regulatory Mechanisms in Airway and Interstitial Lung Disease.Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Regulatory T Cells in Sepsis: Mechanisms, Heterogeneity, and Pathogen-Tailored Therapies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Germinal Center B Cells are Uniquely Targeted by Antibody-Suppressor CXCR5Transplantation direct · 2025Article
- Platelets as a potential new immune coordinator in T cell-mediated aplastic anemia.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Regulatory T cell epitope content in human antibodies decreases during maturation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- T-follicular regulatory cells expand to control germinal center plasma cell output but fail to curb autoreactivity.iScience · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
- B cell-reactive triad of B cells, follicular helper and regulatory T cells at homeostasis.Cell research · 2024Article
- Targeted checkpoint control of B cells undergoing positive selection in germinal centers by follicular regulatory T cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Interleukin-1 regulates follicular T cells during the germinal center reaction.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
CD4+ follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells control B cell responses through the modulation of follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and germinal center development while suppressing autoreactivity; however, their role in the regulation of productive germinal center B cell responses and humoral memory is incompletely defined. We show that Tfr cells promote antigen-specific germinal center B cell responses upon influenza virus infection. Following viral challenge, we found that Tfr cells are necessary for robust generation of virus-specific, long-lived plasma cells, antibody production against both hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), the two major influenza virus glycoproteins, and appropriate regulation of the BCR repertoire. To further investigate the functional relevance of Tfr cells during viral challenge, we used a sequential immunization model with repeated exposure of antigenically partially conserved strains of influenza viruses, revealing that Tfr cells promote recall antibody responses against the conserved HA stalk region. Thus, Tfr cells promote antigen-specific B cell responses and are essential for the development of long-term humoral memory.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.