Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33325488›Full record

Observational studyRheumatology (Oxford, England)2021

Flares in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Kathleen McElhone, Janice Abbott, Margaret Hurley, Jane Burnell, Peter Lanyon, Anisur Rahman, Chee-Seng Yee, Mohammed Akil, Ian N Bruce, Yasmeen Ahmad and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 100% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.

Kathleen McElhoneDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn.
Janice AbbottSchool of Psychology.
Margaret HurleyFaculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston.
Jane BurnellFaculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston.
Peter LanyonRheumatology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust.
Anisur RahmanCentre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, The Rayne Building, 4th Floor, 5 University Street, London.ORCID 0000-0003-2346-4484
Chee-Seng YeeDepartment of Rheumatology, Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Armthorpe Road, Doncaster.
Mohammed AkilDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield.
Ian N BruceArthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester.
Yasmeen AhmadPeter Maddison Rheumatology Centre, Betsi Cadwaldr University Health Board, Llandudno Hospital, Llandudno, Conwy.
Caroline GordonRheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham.
Lee-Suan TehDepartment of Rheumatology, Royal Blackburn Hospital, Haslingden Road, Blackburn.
University of Lancashire · GBBetsi Cadwaladr University Health Board · GBDoncaster Royal Infirmary · GBManchester Academic Health Science Centre · GBNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust · GBRoyal Hallamshire Hospital · GBUniversity College London · GBUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust · GB

Funding

Arthritis Research UK 19230Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveSLE is characterized by relapses and remissions. We aimed to describe the frequency, type and time to flare in a cohort of SLE patients.

methodsSLE patients with one or more 'A' or 'B' BILAG-2004 systems meeting flare criteria ('new' or 'worse' items) and requiring an increase in immunosuppression were recruited from nine UK centres and assessed at baseline and monthly for 9 months. Subsequent flares were defined as: severe (any 'A' irrespective of number of 'B' flares), moderate (two or more 'B' without any 'A' flares) and mild (one 'B').

resultsOf the 100 patients, 94% were female, 61% White Caucasians, mean age (s.d.) was 40.7 years (12.7) and mean disease duration (s.d.) was 9.3 years (8.1). A total of 195 flares re-occurred in 76 patients over 781 monthly assessments (flare rate of 0.25/patient-month). There were 37 severe flares, 32 moderate flares and 126 mild flares. By 1 month, 22% had a mild/moderate/severe flare and 22% had a severe flare by 7 months. The median time to any 'A' or 'B' flare was 4 months. Severe/moderate flares tended to be in the system(s) affected at baseline, whereas mild flares could affect any system.

conclusion. In a population with active SLE we observed an ongoing rate of flares from early in the follow-up period with moderate-severe flares being due to an inability to fully control the disease. This real-world population study demonstrates the limitations of current treatments and provides a useful reference population from which to inform future clinical trial design.

Indexed as

Symptom Flare UpAdultAntirheumatic AgentsFemaleGlucocorticoidsHumansLupus Erythematosus, SystemicMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesAntirheumatic AgentsGlucocorticoidsBILAG-2004 indexdisease activityflaresSLE

Identifiers

PMID33325488
PMCPMC8517882
OpenAlexW2773555408

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.