Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33325019›Full record

ArticleDiving and hyperbaric medicine2020

Investigating critical flicker fusion frequency for monitoring gas narcosis in divers.

Xavier Ce Vrijdag, Hanna van Waart, Jamie W Sleigh, Costantino Balestra, Simon J Mitchell

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diving and hyperbaric medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 23% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Critical flicker fusion frequency: confounders and caveats.European journal of applied physiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Xavier Ce VrijdagDepartment of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Hanna van WaartDepartment of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Jamie W SleighDepartment of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Costantino BalestraEnvironmental, Occupational and Ageing (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), Brussels, Belgium.
Simon J MitchellDepartment of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
University of Auckland · NZUniversity of Dubai · AE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCritical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) has been used in various studies to measure the cognitive effects of gas mixtures at depth, sometimes with conflicting or apparently paradoxical results. This study aimed to evaluate a novel automatic CFFF method and investigate whether CFFF can be used to monitor gas-induced narcosis in divers.

methodsThree hyperbaric chamber experiments were performed: 1) Automated and manual CFFF measurements during air breathing at 608 kPa (n = 16 subjects); 2) Manual CFFF measurements during air and heliox breathing at sea level (101.3 kPa) and 608 kPa (n = 12); 3) Manual CFFF measurements during oxygen breathing at sea level, 142 and 284 kPa (n = 10). All results were compared to breathing air at sea level.

resultsOnly breathing oxygen at sea level, and at 284 kPa, caused a significant decrease in CFFF (2.5% and 2.6% respectively compared to breathing air at sea level. None of the other conditions showed a difference with sea level air breathing.

conclusionsCFFF did not significantly change in our experiments when breathing air at 608 kPa compared to air breathing at sea level pressure using both devices. Based on our results CFFF does not seem to be a sensitive tool for measuring gas narcosis in divers in our laboratory setting.

Indexed as

DivingStuporFlicker FusionHeliumHumansOxygenhelioxHeliumOxygenCFFFDiving researchNarcosisNitrogenOxygenPhysiology

Identifiers

PMID33325019
PMCPMC7872789
OpenAlexW3111834953

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.