ArticleJournal of hypertension2021
Validity of five formulas in estimating 24-h urinary sodium via spot urine sampling in hypertensive patients living in Northeast China.
Article in Journal of hypertension, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of three prediction formulas of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in Chinese residents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Public health nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Sodium Intake and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Individuals With Vascular Disease.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- A randomized, double-blind clinical trial to evaluate the blood pressure lowing effect of low-sodium salt substitution on middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients with different plasma renin concentrations.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2022Trial
- K-SALT Equation for Urinary Sodium Estimation in CKD.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Appropriate use of spot-urine sodium estimates for population-level and exploratory analyses: a response to Campbell and Cappuccio.Nutrition & metabolism · 2026Article
- Simple methods for estimating the maximum 24-hour urinary potassium excretion in kidney failure without replacement therapy patients.Renal failure · 2025Article
- A Method for Estimating 24 h Urinary Sodium and Potassium Excretion by Spot Urine Specimen in Stroke Patients.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe objective was to evaluate the accuracy of five formulas -- the Kawasaki, Tanaka, INTERSALT, Mage, and Uechi methods -- using spot urinary sampling for 24-h urinary sodium (UNa) prediction in hypertensive patients living in northeast China.
methodsThere were 1154 hypertensive patients enrolled from multiple centers. Five different formulas were used to predict 24-h UNa excretion via spot morning urinary samples. Actual UNa excretion was measured from 24-h urine samples. The estimated value was compared with the actual value by examining biases, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots.
resultsThe average excretion of sodium was 2.97 ± 1.26 g/day. The formula-produced mean biases for actual UNa were 0.31 g/day for INTERSALT, 0.80 g/day for Mage, 0.88 g/day for Tanaka, 1.14 g/day for Uechi, and 1.95 g/day for Kawasaki. The ICC was 0.511 for Kawasaki, 0.499 for INTERSALT, 0.468 for Tanaka, 0.402 for Mage, and 0.378 for Uechi. The least mean bias in the lower and moderate salt intake subgroups was 1.22 and 0.07 g/day, respectively, which was calculated using the Mage and INTERSALT methods. The least mean bias in the higher salt intake subgroup was 0.10 g/day for the Uechi method. The INTERSALT method was more efficiency at the individual level, with 17.4% of participants having relative differences within 10%, and 22.3% participants having absolute differences within 393 mg.
conclusionThe INTERSALT method may exhibit a good performance in estimating 24-h urinary sodium level for the hypertensive population living in northeast China.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.