ArticleDermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug2021
Financial Burden of Atopic Dermatitis Out-of-Pocket Health Care Expenses in the United States.
Article in Dermatitis : contact, atopic, occupational, drug, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Educational and psychological interventions for managing atopic dermatitis (eczema).The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Early and Sustained Improvements in Symptoms and Quality of Life with Upadacitinib in Adults and Adolescents with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: 52-Week Results from Two Phase III Randomized Clinical Trials (Measure Up 1 and Measure Up 2).American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Trial
- Rapid pruritus reduction with ruxolitinib cream treatment in patients with atopic dermatitis.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2023Trial
- Achieving Minimal Disease Activity in Atopic Dermatitis Is Associated with Fewer Flares, Reduced Healthcare Resource Utilization, and Improved Disease Control: Analysis from the Real-World MEASURE-AD Study.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Article
- Treatment Patterns and Healthcare Utilization on Pediatric Atopic Dermatitis With Allergic Comorbidities: A Japanese Claims-Based Study.The Journal of dermatology · 2026Observational
- Out-of-pocket expenses of hidradenitis suppurativa: A cross-sectional study.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Article
- Article
- Skin-Immune-Neuro-Gastro-Endocrine (SINGE) System: Lighting the Fire on Atopic Dermatitis Research.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2025Review
- Multidimensional Burden of Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis in Adolescent and Adult Patients from Portugal and Greece: Results from the Global Cross-Sectional Study MEASURE-AD.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Article
- IL-24 promotes atopic dermatitis-like inflammation through driving MRSA-induced allergic responses.Protein & cell · 2025Article
- Managing Childhood and Adolescent Atopic Dermatitis in Primary Care: A US Expert Group Consensus.Journal of pediatrics. Clinical practice · 2024Article
- Evaluating mental health support by healthcare providers for patients with atopic dermatitis: A cross-sectional survey.Skin health and disease · 2024Article
- Environmental exposures and chronic inflammatory dermatoses: Preventive and therapeutic strategies.Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI) · 2024Article
- Fungal Head and Neck Dermatitis: Current Understanding and Management.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2024Review
- Association between exposure to ambient air pollution, meteorological factors and atopic dermatitis consultations in Singapore-a stratified nationwide time-series analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Topical Treatments in Atopic Dermatitis: An Expansive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The economic burden of atopic dermatitis in Romania: a broad perspective.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Unraveling the skin; a comprehensive review of atopic dermatitis, current understanding, and approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Societal costs and health related quality of life in adult atopic dermatitis.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- The Skin and Natural Cannabinoids-Topical and Transdermal Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with considerable financial cost. However, the full burden of out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses is not well understood.
objectiveWe sought to characterize the OOP health care expenses associated with AD management.
methodsA 25-question voluntary online survey was administered to National Eczema Association members worldwide (n = 113,502). Inclusion criteria (US residents age ≥18 years who either self-reported had AD or were primary caregivers of individuals with AD) were met by 77.3% (1118/1447) of respondents.
resultsRespondents reported OOP expenses in 3 categories: (1) health care providers and prescriptions, including health care provider visit deductibles (68.7% [686]), prescription co-pays (64.3% [635]), and prescriptions not covered by insurance (48.6% [468]); (2) nonprescription health care products, including moisturizers (94.3% [934]), hygiene products (85.0% [824], allergy medications (75.1% [715]), itch relievers (68.25% [647]), dietary supplements (52.2% [491]), and sleep aids (37.0% [336]); and (3) complementary approaches, including cleaning products (74.7% [732]), clothing/bedding (44.8% [430]), alternative medications (19.0% [180]), and adjunctive therapies (15.9% [150]). The median annual AD OOP expense was US $600 (range, US $0-$200,000), with 41.9% (364) reporting expenditures US $1000 or greater.
conclusionsOut-of-pocket expenses place a significant financial burden on individuals with AD. Additional studies are needed to better understand associations and impact of OOP costs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.