Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33323431›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2020

Attitudes of pharmacy students towards patient safety: a cross-sectional study from six developing countries.

Abdallah Y Naser, Zahra Khalil Alsairafi, Ahmed Awaisu, Hassan Alwafi, Oriana Awwad, Eman Zmaily Dahmash, Salman Hussain, Hamad S Alyami, Alaa Alsharif, Avinash Kumar Singh and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Evaluation of patient safety culture in community pharmacies.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Abdallah Y NaserDepartment of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan abdallah.naser@iu.edu.jo.ORCID 0000-0001-8440-7446
Zahra Khalil AlsairafiDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
Ahmed AwaisuDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Hassan AlwafiDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0001-5627-1633
Oriana AwwadDepartment of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
Eman Zmaily DahmashDepartment of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.
Salman HussainDepartment of Pharmaceutical Medicine (Division of Pharmacology), School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.ORCID 0000-0002-1691-8428
Hamad S AlyamiDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.
Alaa AlsharifResearch Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK.
Avinash Kumar SinghDepartment of Pharmaceutical Medicine (Division of Pharmacology), School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
Fatima B Jeragh-AlhaddadDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait.
Angga Prawira KautsarFaculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
Amal Khaleel AbuAlhommosPharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Eastern, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo evaluate the attitudes of undergraduate pharmacy students towards patient safety in six developing countries.

designA cross-sectional study.

settingParticipants were enrolled from the participating universities in six countries.

participantsUndergraduate pharmacy students from the participating universities in six developing countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, India and Indonesia) were invited to participate in the study between October 2018 and September 2019. PRIMARY OUTCOME: Attitudes towards patient safety was measured using 14-item questionnaire that contained five subscales: being quality-improvement focused, internalising errors regardless of harm, value of contextual learning, acceptability of questioning more senior healthcare professionals' behaviour and attitude towards open disclosure. Multiple-linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of positive attitudes towards patient safety.

resultsA total of 2595 students participated in this study (1044 from Jordan, 514 from Saudi Arabia, 134 from Kuwait, 61 from Qatar, 416 from India and 429 from Indonesia). Overall, the pharmacy students reported a positive attitude towards patient safety with a mean score of 37.4 (SD=7.0) out of 56 (66.8%). The 'being quality-improvement focused' subscale had the highest score, 75.6%. The subscale with the lowest score was 'internalising errors regardless of harm', 49.2%. Female students had significantly better attitudes towards patient safety scores compared with male students (p=0.001). Being at a higher level of study and involvement in or witnessing harm to patients while practising were important predictors of negative attitudes towards patient safety (p<0.001).

conclusionPatient safety content should be covered comprehensively in pharmacy curricula and reinforced in each year of study. This should be more focused on students in their final year of study and who have started their training. This will ensure that the next generation of pharmacists are equipped with the requisite knowledge, core competencies and attitudes to ensure optimal patient safety when they practice.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelEducation, PharmacyPatient SafetyStudents, PharmacyCross-Sectional StudiesDeveloping CountriesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansIndiaIndonesiaMaleMiddle EastSurveys and Questionnaireshealth & safetymedical education & trainingquality in health care

Identifiers

PMID33323431
PMCPMC7745325

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.