ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Assessment of Risk Factors of African Swine Fever in India: Perspectives on Future Outbreaks and Control Strategies.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A field deployable duplex RPA-CRISPR/Cas12a assay for rapid and sensitive detection of African swine fever virus.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Continued circulation of African swine fever virus Genotype II in Mizoram, India, 2023-2025: molecular and phylogenetic evidence.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- African swine fever in Nepal: risk factors, impacts, and strategies for control.Science in One Health · 2026Review
- Molecular epidemiology, spatiotemporal patterns, and economic impact of African swine fever in Meghalaya, India.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Spatio-temporal dynamics and risk factors of African swine fever, classical swine fever, and emerging viral co-infections in Assam: implications for one health monitoring.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Active Surveillance and Farm-Level Risk Evaluation of African Swine Fever in Southern Nigeria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic Characterization of African Swine Fever Italian Clusters in the 2022-2023 Epidemic Wave by a Multi-Gene Approach.Viruses · 2024Article
- From pigs to wild boars, the rise of African swine fever in India.Virusdisease · 2024Article
- Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of African swine fever virus from a pig farm in India.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2024Article
- African swine fever; insights into genomic aspects, reservoirs and transmission patterns of virus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Application of machine learning models for risk estimation and risk prediction of classical swine fever in Assam, India.Virusdisease · 2023Article
- Transmission of African swine fever virus to the wild boars of Northeast India.The veterinary quarterly · 2023Article
- The Influencing Factors of "Post-African Swine Fever" Pig Farm Biosecurity: Evidence from Sichuan Province, China.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- How Does Epidemic Prevention Training for Pig Breeding Affect Cleaning and Disinfection Procedures Adoption? Evidence from Chinese Pig Farms.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Novel sensitive isothermal-based diagnostic technique for the detection of African swine fever virus.Archives of virology · 2023Article
- Approaches for disease prioritization and decision-making in animal health, 2000-2021: a structured scoping review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- What can we learn from the five-year African swine fever epidemic in Asia?Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Review of the Pig-Adapted African Swine Fever Viruses in and Outside Africa.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Impact of Premortality Stress on Some Quality Parameters of Roe Deer, Wild Boar, and Red Deer Meat.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Genome Sequence of a Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Isolated in 2020 from a Domestic Pig in Northern Vietnam.Microbiology resource announcements · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important transboundary diseases of pigs. ASF has been identified in India for the first time in domestic pigs from outbreaks reported in two of the northeastern states, Arunachal Pradesh and Assam in 2020. A total of 11 ASF outbreaks in different regions killed over 3700 pigs and devastated the economy of small-scale livestock owners of both the states. Considering the first outbreak of ASF in India, a generic risk assessment framework was determined to identify potential risk factors that might favor future emergence of the disease. Based on the Indian scenario, we considered population density of host, farming practice, availability of biological vectors and wildlife reservoirs, epidemiological cycles, and international trade to analyze the possibility of future outbreaks of ASF and chances of establishment of endemism. On critical analysis of the identified risk factors associated with ASFV transmission, we observed that the risk factors are well preserved in the Indian geography and might participate in future outbreaks, further disseminating the disease to nearby countries. Since no vaccine is currently available against ASF, the domestic and the wild pigs (wild boars and the endangered pygmy hogs native to India) of this region are under constant threat of infection. For the near future, this region will have to continue to rely on the implementation of preventive measures to avoid the devastating losses that outbreaks can cause. The various adaptive control strategies to minimize the risks associated with the transmission of ASF, keeping our views to Indian settings, have been described. The risk-analysis framework presented in the study will give a further understanding of the dynamics of disease transmission and will help to design control strategies and corresponding measures to minimize the catastrophic consequences of ASF disease.
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