ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Antioxidant Properties of Second-Generation Antipsychotics: Focus on Microglia.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative Analysis of the Pre- and Post-Medication Effects of Antipsychotic Agents on the Blood-Based Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Accelerated aging in schizophrenia: integrating epigenetic clocks, telomere dynamics, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and oxidative stress.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Review
- Ultrastructural disturbances of pericapillary microglia, perioligodendrocyte microglia, oligodendrocytes and their interactions in postmortem caudate nucleus in schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Mania and psychosis following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: A report of two cases and mechanistic discussion.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Protein glycoxidation in neuropsychiatric disorders-from basic research to clinical practice.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Catalase Specifically Binds Antipsychotic Clozapine: Experimental and In Silico Insights into Interactions, Complex Stability, and Dose-Dependent Enzyme Activity Modulation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Abnormal plasma oxidative stress markers in first-episode schizophrenia and associations with clinical symptoms and cognitive function.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Mangiferin Mitigates Ketamine-Induced Dopaminergic and Glial Dysregulation and Modulates Nrf2 Expression in a Rat Schizophrenia-Like Model.Journal of experimental pharmacology · 2026Article
- Comparing metabolic syndrome parameters, oxidative stress, cellular metabolism, and gene polymorphism between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole attenuates social withdrawal and memory impairments induced by Blockade of the NMDA receptor in the rat.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Curcumin as an Antioxidant Against Ziprasidone Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Human Plasma: Potential Relevance to Cortico Subcortical Circuit Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Etiological Role of Impaired Neurogenesis in Schizophrenia: Interactions with Inflammatory, Microbiome and Hormonal Signaling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Evaluation of the potential efficacy of the nitric oxide donor molsidomine for the treatment of schizophrenia.Medical gas research · 2025Review
- Ultrastructural disturbances in microglia-neuron interactions in the head of the caudate nucleus in schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Advances in Antipsychotics-Induced Dyskinesia Rodent Models: Benefits of Antioxidant Supplementation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Neuroinflammatory Loop in Schizophrenia, Is There a Relationship with Symptoms or Cognition Decline?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Ameliorates Olanzapine-Induced Hypolocomotion in a Rat Model.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Metabolic Side Effects from Antipsychotic Treatment with Clozapine Linked to Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Activation.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- A novel mucoadhesive paliperidone-nanoemulsion developed using the ultrasonication method in the treatment of schizophrenia.RSC advances · 2024Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic Considerations on Telomere Biology: The Positive Effect of Pharmacologically Active Substances on Telomere Length.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recent studies suggest a primary role of oxidative stress in an early phase of the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and a strong neurobiological link has been found between dopaminergic system dysfunction, microglia overactivation, and oxidative stress. Different risk factors for schizophrenia increase oxidative stress phenomena raising the risk of developing psychosis. Oxidative stress induced by first-generation antipsychotics such as haloperidol significantly contributes to the development of extrapyramidal side effects. Haloperidol also exerts neurotoxic effects by decreasing antioxidant enzyme levels then worsening pro-oxidant events. Opposite to haloperidol, second-generation antipsychotics (or atypical antipsychotics) such as risperidone, clozapine, and olanzapine exert a strong antioxidant activity in experimental models of schizophrenia by rescuing the antioxidant system, with an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione (GSH) serum levels. Second-generation antipsychotics also improve the antioxidant status and reduce lipid peroxidation in schizophrenic patients. Interestingly, second-generation antipsychotics, such as risperidone, paliperidone, and in particular clozapine, reduce oxidative stress induced by microglia overactivation, decreasing the production of microglia-derived free radicals, finally protecting neurons against microglia-induced oxidative stress. Further, long-term clinical studies are needed to better understand the link between oxidative stress and the clinical response to antipsychotic drugs and the therapeutic potential of antioxidants to increase the response to antipsychotics.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.