ArticleMicroorganisms2020
Post-Vaccination
Article in Microorganisms, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends in macrolide and lincosamide resistance in Streptococcus species: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Etiologic Profile of the Pneumococcus in Ghana: A Systematic Review.BioMed research international · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genetic Diversity of Non-TypeableHealth science reports · 2026Review
- Genomic surveillance of post-immunization pneumococcal carriage in Ghana.Microbial genomics · 2026Article
- Post-Vaccination Surveillance of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Ghana.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Invasive pneumococcal disease by serotype 23B in an asplenic unvaccinated patient: A case report.IDCases · 2026Article
- Serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era in Nigeria: a hospital-based cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The Molecular Epidemiology of Pneumococcal Strains Isolated from the Nasopharynx of Preschool Children 3 Years after the Introduction of the PCV Vaccination Program in Poland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Pathogens associated with hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infections in children in rural Ghana: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Molecular Characterization and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Non-PCV13 Pneumococcal Serotypes among Vaccinated Children in Cape Coast, Ghana.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Pneumococci among Ghanaian Children under Five Years Post PCV13 Using MLST.Microorganisms · 2022Article
- Re-emergence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and increase of serotype 23B after easing of COVID-19 measures, Switzerland, 2021.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In 2012, Ghana introduced PCV13 into its childhood immunization program. To monitor the pneumococcus after PCV13 vaccination, we analyzed serotypes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes of pneumococcal carriage isolates among children under five years of age. We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 513 children from kindergartens and immunization centers in Cape Coast, Ghana. Pneumococcal serotypes were determined by multiplex-PCR and Quellung reaction. Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes prevalence were determined by disc diffusion and PCR respectively. Overall, carriage prevalence was 29.4% and PCV13 coverage was 38.4%. Over 60% of the isolates were non-PCV13 serotypes and serotype 23B was the most prevalent. One isolate showed full resistance to penicillin, while 35% showed intermediate resistance. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin remained low, while susceptibility to ceftriaxone, levofloxacin and vancomycin remained high. Penicillin resistance was associated with PCV13 serotypes. Forty-three (28.5%) strains were multidrug-resistant. Virulence genes
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.