ArticlePharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)2020
Pharmacists' Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Regarding the Dispensing of Antibiotics without Prescription in Tanzania: An Explorative Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-prescription antibiotic dispensing in community pharmacies in LMICs: a systematic review of prevalence, drivers, and policy implications.BMC health services research · 2026Pooled it
- Status and implications of the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards AWaRe antibiotic use, resistance and stewardship among low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Healthcare utilisation for febrile diseases in northern Tanzania: a randomised population-based cluster survey.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Humans with Diarrhea and from Poultry, East Africa.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Utilization Trends of Phosphodiesterase Type-5 Inhibitors for Erectile Dysfunction Between 2019 and 2023 in Tanzania.Cureus · 2024Article
- Extensively and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains: case studies of antibiotics resistance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Review
- A Narrative Review of Recent Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Ambulatory Care in Tanzania: Findings and Implications.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Review
- Impact of a pharmacist-led educational intervention on knowledge, attitude, and practice toward the rational use of antibiotics among healthcare workers in a secondary care hospital in Punjab, Pakistan.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in human health in Tanzania: 2016-2021.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2023Review
- Practices and motives behind antibiotics provision in drug outlets in Tanzania: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Comparison of knowledge, attitude, practice and predictors of self-medication with antibiotics among medical and non-medical students in Tanzania.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Non-prescribed antibiotic use for children at community levels in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- Advances in Pharmacy Practice: A Look towards the Future.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Drivers of irrational use of antibiotics among children: a mixed-method study among prescribers and dispensers in Tanzania.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Community drug retail outlet staff's knowledge, attitudes and practices towards non-prescription antibiotics use and antibiotic resistance in the Amhara region, Ethiopia with a focus on non-urban towns.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2022Article
- Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Community Pharmacists in Relation to Dispensing Antibiotics Without Prescription in Sudan: A Cross-sectional Study.Integrated pharmacy research & practice · 2022Article
- Article
- National Antibiotics Utilization Trends for Human Use in Tanzania from 2010 to 2016 Inferred from Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority Importation Data.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Dispensing Antibiotics without Prescription at Community Pharmacies and Accredited Drug Dispensing Outlets in Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization with a Special Focus on Developing Countries.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Inappropriate use of antibiotics has been reported to contribute to the emergence and increase of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the world. The pharmacist has the responsibility to supervise the dispensing of antibiotics with prescriptions to ensure rational use. An online semi-structured questionnaire was shared with approximately 1100 licensed pharmacists in Tanzania. Study data were collected and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tools before use for analysis. Of the 226 (20.5%) received responses, 197 had given consent and provided complete surveys. Notably, 153 (77.7%) of the 197 pharmacists had excellent knowledge about the legal requirements for dispensing antibiotics and the AMR challenge. Of the 197 surveyed pharmacists, 143 (72.6%) admitted to dispensing antibiotics without a prescription in their daily practice. Notably, 84.1% (37/44) of pharmacists with masters or PhD education were more likely to dispense without a prescription compared to 69.3% (106/153) among bachelor holders (
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Registered trials
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