ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Toll-Like Receptor 2 at the Crossroad between Cancer Cells, the Immune System, and the Microbiota.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gut microbiome alterations and their clinical and biological implications in ovarian cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule Toll-like Receptor 2 Agonists via a Scaffold Hopping Strategy.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Microbial levan potentiates hepatic retention and antitumor activity of a PEGylated benzimidazole-curcumin nanocomplex through TLR2-FXR/FGF15-associated immunometabolic remodeling in experimental liver cancer.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Multi-omic analysis of the liver-breast axis reveals key hepatic mediators of breast cancer progression.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Single-Cell Atlas of Renal Cell Carcinoma Brain Metastasis Uncovers Mechanisms of Immune Dysfunction and Resistance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Upregulation of mScience China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- The Inclusion of Dietary and Medicinal Mushrooms into Translational Oncology: Pros and Cons at the Molecular Level.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Systematic evaluation of a novel mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs)-RSC advances · 2026Article
- The intricate interplay of microbial metabolomics and carcinogenesis: a spotlight on mechanistic pathways, clinical implications and methodological challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Dual-Action Theranostic Nanoparticles Delivering Toll-Like Receptor 2 Inhibitors and Chemotherapy Target Breast Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- The intratumoral microbiome in breast cancer: an actionable component of the tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Involvement of hcp2 on maintaining cell wall integrity and pathogenicity of Vibrio alginolyticus by modulating Sec pathway.The Biochemical journal · 2025Article
- Exploring Emerging Therapeutic Targets in Osteosarcoma by Revisiting the Immune and Cancer-Intrinsic Hallmarks of Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Targeting pattern recognition receptors for cancer therapy: Mechanisms and strategies.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Review
- Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Myeloid Neoplasms: Focuses on the Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Impact on Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2025Review
- Alternative therapeutic approaches for combating multi-drug-resistant bacteria: Reverse vaccinology against Enterobacter cloacae.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- The Gut Microbiome's Impact on the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Gastric Cancer-An Updated Literature Review.Cancers · 2025Review
- Activation of NR2A-Wnt-TLR2 Signaling Axis in Satellite Glial Cells of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Contributes to Neuropathic Pain Induced by Nerve Injury in Diabetic Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Noncoding RNA (ncRNA)-mediated regulation of TLRs: critical regulator of inflammation in tumor microenvironment.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Association of intratumoral microbiome diversity with hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis.mSystems · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) expressed on myeloid cells mediates the recognition of harmful molecules belonging to invading pathogens or host damaged tissues, leading to inflammation. For this ability to activate immune responses, TLR2 has been considered a player in anti-cancer immunity. Therefore, TLR2 agonists have been used as adjuvants for anti-cancer immunotherapies. However, TLR2 is also expressed on neoplastic cells from different malignancies and promotes their proliferation through activation of the myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) pathway. Furthermore, its activation on regulatory immune cells may contribute to the generation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment and of the pre-metastatic niche, promoting cancer progression. Thus, TLR2 represents a double-edge sword, whose role in cancer needs to be carefully understood for the setup of effective therapies. In this review, we discuss the divergent effects induced by TLR2 activation in different immune cell populations, cancer cells, and cancer stem cells. Moreover, we analyze the stimuli that lead to its activation in the tumor microenvironment, addressing the role of danger, pathogen, and microbiota-associated molecular patterns and their modulation during cancer treatments. This information will contribute to the scientific debate on the use of TLR2 agonists or antagonists in cancer treatment and pave the way for new therapeutic avenues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.