Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33321852›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2020

Manufacturing of Lightweight Aggregates as an Auspicious Method of Sewage Sludge Utilization.

Jerzy Korol, Marcin Głodniok, Aleksander Hejna, Tomasz Pawlik, Błażej Chmielnicki, Jan Bondaruk

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jerzy KorolDepartment of Material Engineering, Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5853-9565
Marcin GłodniokDepartment of Water Protection, Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland.
Aleksander HejnaDepartment of Polymer Technology, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9125-6164
Tomasz PawlikFaculty of Material Engineering and Metallurgy, Silesian University of Technology, Krasińskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-0623-6319
Błażej ChmielnickiPaint & Plastics Department in Gliwice, Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 50 A Chorzowska Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-9793-9695
Jan BondarukDepartment of Water Protection, Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland.

Funding

Central Mining Institute Statutory Work No. 11153018-340
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sewage sludge is a high-volume and low-cost waste commonly generated worldwide, so its utilization is a vital issue. The application of this waste in the manufacturing of lightweight aggregates was investigated. The process was performed using intensive mixers with volumes of 5 and 30 L, as well as the industrial 500 L mixer. Then, granulates were sintered in a tube furnace. The influence of composition and mixer size on the particle size, microstructure, mechanical performance, and stability of lightweight aggregates in different environments was analyzed. The best results were obtained for a 500 L mixer, enhancing the industrial potential of the presented process. Increasing the share of sewage sludge in the composition of aggregates enhanced their porosity and reduced the specific weight, which caused a drop in compressive strength. Nevertheless, for all analyzed materials, the mechanical performance was superior compared to many commercial products. Therefore, sewage sludge can be efficiently applied as a raw material for the manufacturing of lightweight aggregates. The presented results confirm that a proper adjustment of composition allows easy the tailoring of aggregates' performance and cost.

Indexed as

granulationlightweight aggregaterecyclingsewage sludgesintering

Identifiers

PMID33321852
PMCPMC7764059

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.