ArticleCancers2020
Outcome of Patients with NSCLC and Brain Metastases Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in a 'Real-Life' Setting.
Article in Cancers, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- The safety and efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies for lung cancer brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on brain metastasis.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Brain metastases and immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Pooled it
- The brain-lung immunotherapy prognostic (BLIP) Score: a novel robust tool for prognostication in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy combined with cranial radiotherapy for driver-negative non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases: a retrospective study.Future oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Impact of baseline brain metastases on survival and CNS progression in NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Clinical outcomes and predictive factors of immunotherapy efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases: a comparative study.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of Cadonilimab plus anlotinib in small cell lung cancer with brain metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Lung cancer immunotherapy in 2025: where we stand and what comes next?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Observational
- Immunotherapy in Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Under-Represented by Clinical Trials.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- Article
- Clinicogenomic factors and treatment patterns among patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with or without brain metastases in the United States.The oncologist · 2023Article
- Article
- Central nervous systemic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and concordance between intra/extracranial response in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Efficacy of different therapies for brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational lung cancer research · 2023Article
- Tumor Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Brain Metastasis From Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in EGFR mutation-positive patients with NSCLC and brain metastases who have failed EGFR-TKI therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There is lack of data addressing the intracranial (IC) efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on brain metastases (BM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This patient category is underrepresented in randomized clinical trials. We retrospectively collected clinical data on patients with non-oncogenic driven NSCLC with BM who were treated with ICIs at two medical oncology institutes in Sweden and Greece from 2016 to 2019. IC efficacy was assessed in patients who had not received local treatment for BM less than three months prior to the initiation of ICIs and had adequate radiological evaluation. We screened 280 patients, of which 51 had BM. BM was an independent predictor for inferior PFS (HR = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.53-3.36) but not OS (HR = 1.58; 95% CI, 0.97-2.60) for the whole patient population. IC response assessment was done on 33 patients. IC objective response rate (ORR) was 24.2%. The presence of neurological symptoms related to BM did not affect IC ORR (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.