ArticleEnvironment international2021
Association of biomarkers of exposure to metals and metalloids with maternal hormones in pregnant women from Puerto Rico.
Article in Environment international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- In-Utero Exposure to Electronic Waste Heavy Metals and Adverse Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Pooled it
- Prenatal Metal Exposome Reprograms Neonatal Metabolism: Trimester-Dependent Effects on Amino Acid and Carnitine Networks.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Effects of maternal arsenic exposure on birth outcomes using harmonized data across three birth cohorts.Toxicology and environmental health sciences · 2026Article
- Effects of Maternal Trace Elements Exposure in Early Pregnancy on Maternal Thyroid Hormones and Birth Outcomes.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals and female sexual health: An emerging research priority.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Human biomonitoring of essential and toxic trace elements (heavy metals and metalloids) in urine of children, teenagers, and young adults from a Central European Cohort in the Czech Republic.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2025Article
- Association between maternal serum essential trace element concentration in early pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus.Nutrition & diabetes · 2025Article
- Associations Between Heavy Metal Exposure from Milk and Steroid Hormones in Mothers.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Associations of maternal blood metal concentrations with plasma eicosanoids among pregnant women in Puerto Rico.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- Associations of intrauterine exposure to manganese with fetal and early-childhood growth: a prospective prenatal cohort study.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Article
- Article
- Prenatal Cadmium Exposure and Maternal Sex Steroid Hormone Concentrations across Pregnancy.Toxics · 2023Article
- An Exploratory Analysis of Firefighter Reproduction through Survey Data and Biomonitoring.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Joint Effect of Multiple Metals on Hyperuricemia and Their Interaction with Obesity: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study in China.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Personal care products: Demographic characteristics and maternal hormones in pregnant women from Puerto Rico.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Cord Blood Manganese Concentrations in Relation to Birth Outcomes and Childhood Physical Growth: A Prospective Birth Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Psychosocial status modifies the effect of maternal blood metal and metalloid concentrations on birth outcomes.Environment international · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMetal(loid)s have been associated to adverse birth outcomes in experimental and epidemiological studies, but the underlying mechanism(s) are not well understood. Endocrine disruption may be a mechanism by which the metal(loid)s impact birth outcomes.
methodsPregnant women were recruited through the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT). Urine, blood, demographic and pregnancy-related data were collected at recruitment and subsequent visits. Sixteen metal(loid)s were analyzed in urine and blood samples, while nine maternal hormones (corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), estriol (E3), progesterone, testosterone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (T3), total thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (fT4)) were measured in serum samples from 815 singleton pregnancies. Linear mixed models with random intercepts were used to examine associations between metal(loid)s in blood and urine with hormone concentrations.
resultsArsenic blood concentrations were significantly associated with increased levels in CRH (%Δ: 23.0, 95%CI: 8.4-39.6) and decreased levels in testosterone (%Δ:
conclusionOur analysis suggests that metal(loid)s may act as endocrine disruptors by altering prenatal hormone levels. This disruption may depend on specific windows of exposure during pregnancy. Additionally, some essential metal(loid)s such as managense and cobalt may be contributors to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The study of metal(loid)s as endocrine disruptors is in the early stages of epidemiological research and future studies are needed to further investigate these associations.
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