SynthesisPloS one2020
Metabolic risk factors and risk of Covid-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence of hypertension and associated risks in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis of meta-analyses with 1468 studies and 1,281,510 patients.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Improved COVID-19 Outcomes following Statin Therapy: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.BioMed research international · 2021Pooled it
- Viral co-infection with SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized Peruvian patients during 2020-2021.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2026Article
- Machine learning models for the prediction of COVID-19 prognosis in the primary health care setting.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Associations between clinical data, vaccination status, antibody responses, and post-COVID-19 symptoms in Thais infected with SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants: a 1-year follow-up study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Hyperuricemia and Adverse Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Disease.Clinical medicine & research · 2023Article
- Clinical and economic impact of COVID-19 on people with obesity in a Spanish cohort during the first pandemic peak.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Evaluating Possible Mechanisms Linking Obesity to COVID-19: a Narrative Review.Obesity surgery · 2022Review
- Diabetes Does Not Increase the Risk of Hospitalization Due to COVID-19 in Patients Aged 50 Years or Older in Primary Care-APHOSDIAB-COVID-19 Multicenter Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- From Precision Medicine to Precision Convergence for Multilevel Resilience-The Aging Brain and Its Social Isolation.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 with and without prevalent hypertension: a multinational cohort study.BMJ open · 2021Observational
- COVID-19 and Diabetes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- Cardiometabolic Alterations in the Interplay of COVID-19 and Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Future Avenues.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Factors Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection Risk among Healthcare Workers of an Italian University Hospital.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and lipids. The role of lipid disorders and statin use in the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Lipids in health and disease · 2021Review
- Diabetes mellitus and COVID-19: Understanding the association in light of current evidence.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Review
- The clinical outcomes of COVID-19 infection in patients with a history of thyroid cancer: A nationwide study.Clinical endocrinology · 2021Article
- Impact of overlapping risks of type 2 diabetes and obesity on coronavirus disease severity in the United States.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveBased on the epidemiologic findings of Covid-19 incidence; illness and mortality seem to be associated with metabolic risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association of metabolic risk factors and risk of Covid-19.
methodsThis study was designed according to PRISMA guidelines. Two independent researchers searched for the relevant studies using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. The search terms developed focusing on two main roots of "Covid-19" and "metabolic risk factors". All relevant observational, analytical studies, review articles, and a meta-analysis on the adult population were included in this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed using the random effect model for pooling proportions to address heterogeneity among studies. Data were analyzed using STATA package version 11.2, (StataCorp, USA).
resultsThrough a comprehensive systematic search in the targeted databases we found 1124 papers, after running the proses of refining, 13 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of obesity in Covid-19 patients was 29% (95% CI: 14-47%). For Diabetes and Hypertension, these were 22% (95% CI: 12% 33%) and 32% (95% CI: 12% 56%), respectively. There was significant heterogeneity in the estimates of the three pooled prevalence without any significant small-study effects. Such warning points, to some extent, guide physicians and clinicians to better understand the importance of controlling co-morbid risk factors in prioritizing resource allocation and interventions.
conclusionThe meta-analysis showed that hypertension is more prevalent than obesity and diabetes in patients with Covid-19 disease. The prevalence of co-morbid metabolic risk factors must be adopted for better management and priority settings of public health vaccination and other required interventions. The results may help to improve services delivery in COVID-19 patients, while helping to develop better policies for prevention and response to COVID-19 and its critical outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.