Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33320856›Full record

ArticlePLoS biology2020

A sensitive and affordable multiplex RT-qPCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Martin A M Reijns, Louise Thompson, Juan Carlos Acosta, Holly A Black, Francisco J Sanchez-Luque, Austin Diamond, David A Parry, Alison Daniels, Marie O'Shea, Carolina Uggenti and 28 more

Abstract readControlled Clinical Trial
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS biology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

38 authors.

Martin A M ReijnsMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5048-2752
Louise ThompsonThe South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Juan Carlos AcostaCancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Holly A BlackThe South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3250-2665
Francisco J Sanchez-LuqueMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-1138-6124
Austin DiamondThe South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9615-229X
David A ParryMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0376-7736
Alison DanielsDivision of Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-7308-4140
Marie O'SheaThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Carolina UggentiCentre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-2673-5120
Maria C SanchezDivision of Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8596-9528
Alan O'CallaghanMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4817-6171
Michelle L L McNabDivision of Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0938-7267
Martyna AdamowiczCentre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-9957-4439
Elias T FrimanMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9944-6560
Toby HurdMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Edward J JarmanMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5466-4430
Frederic Li Mow CheeCancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4838-1028
Jacqueline K RaingerMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Marion WalkerCancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Camilla DrakeMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Dasa LongmanMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5373-0777
Christine MordsteinMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4003-2819
Sophie J WarlowCentre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Stewart McKayMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Louise SlaterThe South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Morad AnsariThe South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Ian P M TomlinsonCancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-3037-1470
David MooreThe South East of Scotland Clinical Genetic Service, Western General Hospital, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-9308-5741
Nadine WilkinsonMedical Microbiology and Virology Service, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5994-0492
Jill ShepherdMedical Microbiology and Virology Service, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Kate TempletonMedical Microbiology and Virology Service, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-7414-1277
Ingolfur JohannessenMedical Microbiology and Virology Service, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Christine Tait-BurkardThe Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Jürgen G HaasDivision of Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-4658-4673
Nick GilbertMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0505-6081
Ian R AdamsMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-8838-1271
Andrew P JacksonMRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-8739-2646

Funding

Cancer Research UK 16243Cancer Research UK 27327Medical Research Council G0501453Medical Research Council MC_UU_00007/13Medical Research Council MC_UU_00007/5Medical Research Council MC_UU_00007/6Medical Research Council MR/P011349/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the ongoing COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2), there is a need for sensitive, specific, and affordable diagnostic tests to identify infected individuals, not all of whom are symptomatic. The most sensitive test involves the detection of viral RNA using RT-qPCR (quantitative reverse transcription PCR), with many commercial kits now available for this purpose. However, these are expensive, and supply of such kits in sufficient numbers cannot always be guaranteed. We therefore developed a multiplex assay using well-established SARS-CoV-2 targets alongside a human cellular control (RPP30) and a viral spike-in control (Phocine Herpes Virus 1 [PhHV-1]), which monitor sample quality and nucleic acid extraction efficiency, respectively. Here, we establish that this test performs as well as widely used commercial assays, but at substantially reduced cost. Furthermore, we demonstrate >1,000-fold variability in material routinely collected by combined nose and throat swabbing and establish a statistically significant correlation between the detected level of human and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids. The inclusion of the human control probe in our assay therefore provides a quantitative measure of sample quality that could help reduce false-negative rates. We demonstrate the feasibility of establishing a robust RT-qPCR assay at approximately 10% of the cost of equivalent commercial assays, which could benefit low-resource environments and make high-volume testing affordable.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 TestingHumansMultiplex Polymerase Chain ReactionReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA, ViralSARS-CoV-2RNA, Viral

Identifiers

PMID33320856
PMCPMC7771873

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.