Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33320171›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2020

T and B Lymphocyte Deficiency in Rag1-/- Mice Reduces Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in Experimental Glaucoma.

Oliver W Gramlich, Cheyanne R Godwin, Neal D Heuss, Dale S Gregerson, Markus H Kuehn

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  6. TMEM16F phospholipid scramblase regulates tumorigenesis by modulating the tumor immune microenvironment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  9. Generation of xenobiotic free retinofugal assembloids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Oliver W GramlichUniversity of Iowa, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
Cheyanne R GodwinUniversity of Iowa, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
Neal D HeussUniversity of Minnesota, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.
Dale S GregersonUniversity of Minnesota, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States.
Markus H KuehnUniversity of Iowa, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa, United States.
University of Iowa · USUniversity of Minnesota · USIowa City VA Health Care System · US

Funding

Stem Cell and Organoid CoreP30EY025580 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI Robert Foster Mullins · 2016 to 2026
$6.9M
T-cell mediated RGC damage in glaucoma Diversity Initiative SupplementR01EY034534 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF IOWA · PI MARKUS H. KUEHN · 2023 to 2026
$2.5M
Retinal innate immunity: Functional analysis of resident and recruited cellsR01EY025209 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI GREGERSON, DALE SANNES · 2016 to 2018
$1.1M
Stem Cell Therapy for GlaucomaI01RX001163 · VA · IOWA CITY VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI KUEHN, MARKUS H. · 2015 to 2017
–
Bioassay to Predict the Development and Progression of GlaucomaI01RX002860 · VA · IOWA CITY VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI KUEHN, MARKUS H. · 2018 to 2021
–
Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual LossI50RX003002 · VA · IOWA CITY VA MEDICAL CENTER · PI RANDY H. KARDON, MARKUS H. KUEHN · 2019 to 2026
–
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY025580NEI NIH HHS R01 EY025209NEI NIH HHS R01 EY034534RRD VA I01 RX001163RRD VA I01 RX002860
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: We previously demonstrated that passive transfer of lymphocytes from glaucomatous mice induces retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in recipient animals, suggesting a role for immune responses in the multifactorial pathophysiology of glaucoma. Here we evaluate whether absence of an adaptive immune response reduces RGC loss in glaucoma. Methods: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) was induced in one eye of C57BL/6J (B6) or T- and B-cell-deficient Rag1-/- knockout mice. After 16 weeks RGC density was determined in both the induced and the normotensive contralateral eyes. Data were compared to mice having received injections of "empty" vector (controls). The number of extravascular CD3+ cells in the retinas was determined using FACS. Results: Retinas of eyes with elevated IOP contain significantly more extravasated CD3+ cells than control retinas (46.0 vs. 27.1, P = 0.025). After 16 weeks of elevated IOP the average RGC density in B6 mice decreased by 20.7% (P = 1.9 × 10-4). In contrast, RGC loss in Rag1-/- eyes with elevated IOP was significantly lower (10.3%, P = 0.006 vs. B6). RGC loss was also observed in the contralateral eyes of B6 mice, despite the absence of elevated IOP in those eyes (10.1%; P = 0.008). In RAG1-/- loss in the contralateral eyes was minimal (3.1%) and significantly below that detected in B6 (P = 0.02). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that T Rag1-/- mice are significantly protected from glaucomatous RGC loss. In this model, lymphocyte activity contributes to approximately half of all RGC loss in eyes with elevated IOP and to essentially all loss observed in normotensive contralateral eyes.

Indexed as

AnimalsB-LymphocytesCell CountDisease Models, AnimalFemaleFlow CytometryGlaucomaHomeodomain ProteinsIntraocular PressureMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutRetinal Ganglion CellsT-LymphocytesHomeodomain ProteinsRAG-1 protein

Identifiers

PMID33320171
PMCPMC7745626
OpenAlexW3113247268

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.