ReviewCell death and differentiation2021
Building inner ears: recent advances and future challenges for in vitro organoid systems.
Review in Cell death and differentiation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inner Ear Organoids: Recent Progress and Challenges.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Review
- Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived inner ear organoids reveal hair cell damage and plasticity after cisplatin and gentamicin exposure.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Generation and characterization of vestibular inner ear organoids from human pluripotent stem cells.Nature protocols · 2026Review
- Inner Ear Organoids: A Hydrogel-Based Platform for Drug Screening and Deafness Modeling.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Review
- Computer models and artificial intelligence increase the fidelity and efficiency of the in vitro models for hearing loss.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Review
- Inner ear organoids: Recent progress and potential applications.Fundamental research · 2025Review
- Inner Ear Organoid as a Preclinical Model of Hearing Regeneration: Progress and Applications.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2025Review
- Advances in Microfluidic Cochlea-On-A-Chip.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- The Reconstruction of Peripheral Auditory Circuit: Recent Advances and Future Challenges.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Inner Ear Multiple Primary Cell Type Detection System.Scientific data · 2025Article
- From "self-differentiation" to organoids-the quest for the units of development.Development genes and evolution · 2024Review
- Review
- Review
- Application of organoids in otolaryngology: head and neck surgery.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Review
- Mapping the developmental potential of mouse inner ear organoids at single-cell resolution.iScience · 2024Article
- Modeling, applications and challenges of inner ear organoid.Smart medicine · 2024Review
- Inner Ear Organoids: Strengths and Limitations.Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology : JARO · 2024Article
- Shared features in ear and kidney development - implications for oto-renal syndromes.Disease models & mechanisms · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
While inner ear disorders are common, our ability to intervene and recover their sensory function is limited. In vitro models of the inner ear, like the organoid system, could aid in identifying new regenerative drugs and gene therapies. Here, we provide a perspective on the status of in vitro inner ear models and guidance on how to improve their applicability in translational research. We highlight the generation of inner ear cell types from pluripotent stem cells as a particularly promising focus of research. Several exciting recent studies have shown how the developmental signaling cues of embryonic and fetal development can be mimicked to differentiate stem cells into "inner ear organoids" containing otic progenitor cells, hair cells, and neurons. However, current differentiation protocols and our knowledge of embryonic and fetal inner ear development in general, have a bias toward the sensory epithelia of the inner ear. We propose that a more holistic view is needed to better model the inner ear in vitro. Moving forward, attention should be made to the broader diversity of neuroglial and mesenchymal cell types of the inner ear, and how they interact in space or time during development. With improved control of epithelial, neuroglial, and mesenchymal cell fate specification, inner ear organoids would have the ability to truly recapitulate neurosensory function and dysfunction. We conclude by discussing how single-cell atlases of the developing inner ear and technical innovations will be critical tools to advance inner ear organoid platforms for future pre-clinical applications.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.