ArticlePediatrics2021
Early Physical Abuse and Adult Outcomes.
Article in Pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations of childhood adversity with emotional well-being and educational achievement: A review and meta-analysis.Journal of affective disorders · 2024Pooled it
- The randomized controlled trial Fast Track multilevel intervention for children with early-emerging conduct problems breaks intergenerational transmission of violence across three generations.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Trial
- The relationship between adverse childhood experiences and common mental disorders among pregnant women living with HIV in Malawi.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Trial
- Past hurts, present hurdles: Analyzing the impact of adult socioeconomic status and healthcare access on cancer screening among childhood abuse survivors.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Latent Classes of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and Adult Substance-use Problems and Psychosocial Outcomes: Complex and Heterogeneous Associations.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2026Article
- Consensus statement on developmentally appropriate policy and practice for adolescents in foster care.Children and youth services review · 2025Article
- Article
- Taking John Schulenberg's "long view" on successful transitions to adulthood: Associations with adult substance use.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2024Article
- Relation between child maltreatment and human capital: results from a population-based birth cohort.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- An E-Learning Program for Continuing Midwifery Education on Handling High-Risk Abuse Cases: A Pretest-Posttest Design.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- [Family stressors on young children's emotional development].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2023Article
- Infant Stimulation Induced a Rapid Increase in Maternal Salivary Oxytocin.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Assessing and Responding to the Trauma of Child Maltreatment.Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing) · 2022Review
- Neurobiological correlates of the social and emotional impact of peer victimization: A review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Review
- Associations between prospective and retrospective measures of child abuse and self-reported adult health at midlife.Child abuse & neglect · 2021Article
- Nationwide evidence that education disrupts the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Substance Use Outcomes from Two Formats of a Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention for Aggressive Children: Moderating Roles of Inhibitory Control and Intervention Engagement.Brain sciences · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBecause most physical abuse goes unreported and researchers largely rely on retrospective reports of childhood abuse or prospective samples with substantiated maltreatment, long-term outcomes of physical abuse in US community samples are unknown. We hypothesized that early childhood physical abuse would prospectively predict adult outcomes in education and economic stability, physical health, mental health, substance use, and criminal behavior.
methodsResearchers in two multisite studies recruited children at kindergarten entry and followed them into adulthood. Parents completed interviews about responses to the child's problem behaviors during the kindergarten interview. Interviewers rated the probability that the child was physically abused in the first 5 years of life. Adult outcomes were measured by using 23 indicators of education and economic stability, physical health, mental health, substance use, and criminal convictions reported by participants and their peers and in school and court records.
resultsControlling for potential confounds, relative to participants who were not physically abused, adults who had been abused were more likely to have received special education services, repeated a grade, be receiving government assistance, score in the clinical range on externalizing or internalizing disorders, and have been convicted of a crime in the past year (3.20, 2.14, 2.00, 2.42, 2.10, and 2.61 times more likely, respectively) and reported levels of physical health that were 0.10 SDs lower. No differences were found in substance use.
conclusionsUnreported physical abuse in community samples has long-term detrimental effects into adulthood. Pediatricians should talk with parents about using only nonviolent discipline and support early interventions to prevent child abuse.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.