ArticleBMJ open2020
Community health workers for non-communicable disease prevention and control in Nepal: a qualitative study.
Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stock-outs of essential medicines among community health workers (CHWs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a systematic literature review of the extent, reasons, and consequences.Human resources for health · 2022Pooled it
- Assessment of community health workforce governance in federal Nepal.Health policy and planning · 2026Article
- Community and health workers perspectives on barriers to diabetes and hypertension screening in North Eastern India: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Review
- Understanding the role and organization of health workers delivering non-communicable disease management in primary care in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Involvement of community health workers in antimicrobial stewardship interventions and programmes: a scoping review.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Barriers and facilitators to patient utilization of noncommunicable disease services in primary healthcare facilities in Nepal: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Determinants of Community Health Workers' Involvement Toward NCD Prevention and Control in Northern Tanzania: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Engaging community health workers to promote oral health for people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nepal: a qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Workload in antenatal care before and after implementation of an electronic decision support system: an observed time-motion study of healthcare providers in Nepal.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025Observational
- Construction of a performance evaluation index system for the management of chronic diseases based on medical and preventive integration.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Assessing the physical activity training needs and preferences of community health workers in South Africa.BMC public health · 2025Article
- A quantitative assessment of current practice in diabetes and hypertension services in pharmacies in urban Nepal.PloS one · 2025Article
- Implementation of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) in Primary Care, as Perceived by Professionals: A Narrative Review.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Review
- Assessing the health impacts of implementing a 'Comprehensive Rural Health Project' health system in a low-income region of rural Nepal.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Challenges in non-communicable disease mitigation among community health workers: A scoping review.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Review
- Implementation of the Package of Essential Non-Communicable (PEN) Disease Interventions in Low-Resource Settings: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Strengthening primary health care through community health workers in South Asia.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Review
- Shifting roles of community health workers in the prevention and management of noncommunicable disease during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.Health policy and planning · 2024Article
- The role of community health workers in non-communicable diseases in Cape Town, South Africa: descriptive exploratory qualitative study.BMC primary care · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectiveThe increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Nepal underscores the importance of strengthening primary healthcare systems to deliver efficient care. In this study, we examined the barriers and facilitators to engaging community health workers (CHWs) for NCDs prevention and control in Nepal.
designWe used multiple approaches including (a) review of relevant literature, (b) key personnel and stakeholders' consultation meetings and (c) qualitative data collection using semistructured interviews. A grounded theory approach was used for qualitative data collection and the data were analysed thematically.
settingData were collected from health facilities across four districts in Nepal and two stakeholder consultative meetings were conducted at central level.
participantsWe conducted in-depth interviews with CHWs (Health Assistants, Auxiliary Health Workers, Auxiliary Nurse Midwife) (n=5); key informant interviews with health policymakers/managers (n=3) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with CHWs (four FGDs; total n=27). Participants in two stakeholder consultative meetings included members from the government (n=8), non-government organisations (n=7), private sector (n=3) and universities (n=6).
resultsThe CHWs were engaged in a wide range of public health programmes and they also deliver NCDs specific programmes such as common NCDs screening, provisional diagnosis, primary care, health education and counselling, basic medication and referral and so on. These NCD prevention and control services are concentrated in those districts, where the WHO, Package for prevention and control of NCDs) program is being implemented. Some challenges and barriers were identified, including inadequate NCD training, high workload, poor system-level support, inadequate remuneration, inadequate supply of logistics and drugs. The facilitating factors included government priority, formation of NCD-related policies, community support systems, social prestige and staff motivation.
conclusionEngaging CHWs has been considered as key driver to delivering NCDs related services in Nepal. Effective integration of CHWs within the primary care system is essential for CHW's capacity buildings, necessary supervisory arrangements, supply of logistics and medications and setting up effective recording and reporting systems for prevention and control of NCDs in Nepal.
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