Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33318113›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2020

Introduction to statistical simulations in health research.

Anne-Laure Boulesteix, Rolf Hh Groenwold, Michal Abrahamowicz, Harald Binder, Matthias Briel, Roman Hornung, Tim P Morris, Jörg Rahnenführer, Willi Sauerbrei, STRATOS Simulation Panel and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Anne-Laure BoulesteixInstitute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany boulesteix@ibe.med.uni-muenchen.de.ORCID 0000-0002-2729-0947
Rolf Hh GroenwoldDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Michal AbrahamowiczDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Harald BinderInstitute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
Matthias BrielDepartment of Clinical Research, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Roman HornungInstitute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Tim P MorrisMRC Clinical Trials Unit at UCL, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-5850-3610
Jörg RahnenführerDepartment of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
Willi SauerbreiInstitute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany.
STRATOS Simulation Panel
Simulation Panel

Funding

CIHR PJT-148946Medical Research Council MC_UU_12023/21Medical Research Council MC_UU_12023/29
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In health research, statistical methods are frequently used to address a wide variety of research questions. For almost every analytical challenge, different methods are available. But how do we choose between different methods and how do we judge whether the chosen method is appropriate for our specific study? Like in any science, in statistics, experiments can be run to find out which methods should be used under which circumstances. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate that simulation studies, that is, experiments investigating synthetic data with known properties, are an invaluable tool for addressing these questions. We aim to provide a first introduction to simulation studies for data analysts or, more generally, for researchers involved at different levels in the analyses of health data, who (1) may rely on simulation studies published in statistical literature to choose their statistical methods and who, thus, need to understand the criteria of assessing the validity and relevance of simulation results and their interpretation; and/or (2) need to understand the basic principles of designing statistical simulations in order to efficiently collaborate with more experienced colleagues or start learning to conduct their own simulations. We illustrate the implementation of a simulation study and the interpretation of its results through a simple example inspired by recent literature, which is completely reproducible using the R-script available from online supplemental file 1.

Indexed as

LearningResearch DesignComputer SimulationHumansResearch Personnelepidemiologyprotocols & guidelinesstatistics & research methods

Identifiers

PMID33318113
PMCPMC7737058

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.