ReviewChinese medicine2020
From natural dye to herbal medicine: a systematic review of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects and clinical applications of indigo naturalis.
Review in Chinese medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05664906 (Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Medicine Oral Rinse in Treating and Preventing Irradiated Oral Mucositis in Head-and-Neck Cancer Patients - a Pilot Trial), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Medicine Oral Rinse in Treating and Preventing Irradiated Oral Mucositis in Head-and-Neck Cancer Patients - a Pilot Trial
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Indigo naturalis for inflammatory bowel disease: evidence from animal studies and molecular mechanisms.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Antibiotic- and inducer-free biosynthesis of indican from crude glycerol using engineered probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917.Bioresources and bioprocessing · 2026Article
- Emerging role of plant-based compounds as ferroptosis modulators in breast cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Defined Natural Products as Adjunctive Therapies: Evidence-Gated Polypharmacology Across Molecular Targets, Human Exposure, Clinical Signals, and Safety Boundaries.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Extraction Components and Dyeing Effect ofMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Structural Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides From Indigo NaturalisFood science & nutrition · 2026Article
- The mechanism of indigo naturalis and its active ingredients against ulcerative colitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Advances on Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Preclinical Studies ofJournal of experimental pharmacology · 2026Review
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: a potential target for natural products in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Macrophage-Mediated Transport of Insoluble Indirubin Induces Hepatic Injury During Intestinal Inflammation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Indigo Naturalis Prepared Using a Novel Method: Therapeutic Effects on Experimental Ulcerative Colitis in Mice.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Article
- Efficacy of indigo naturalis nanofibrous patches in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis: a 4-week prospective, randomized, semi-compartmental paired, positive drug-controlled trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of indigo naturalis oil extract (Lindioil ointment) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a randomized, crossover, evaluator-blinded, controlled trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Review
- Tryptanthrin Down-Regulates Oncostatin M by Targeting GM-CSF-Mediated PI3K-AKT-NF-κB Axis.Nutrients · 2024Article
- "Purplish Blue" or "Greenish Grey"? Indigo Qualities and Extraction Yields from Six Species.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Mechanism of Qingdai in Alleviating Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Ferroptosis in the colon epithelial cells as a therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis.Journal of gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Oxime Bond Stereochemistry in c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 3 Inhibitors 11Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndigo naturalis is a blue dye in ancient, as well as an extensive used traditional Chinese medicine. It has a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties and can be used to treat numerous ailments such as leukemia, psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis. This article aims to expand our understanding of indigo naturalis in terms of its chemical constituents, pharmacological action and clinical applications.
methodsWe searched PubMed, web of science, CNKI, Google academic, Elsevier and other databases with the key words of "Indigo naturalis", and reviewed and sorted out the modern research of indigo naturalis based on our research results.
resultsWe outlined the traditional manufacturing process, chemical composition and quality control of indigo naturalis, systematically reviewed traditional applictions, pharmacological activities and mechanism of indigo naturalis, and summarized its clinical trials about treatment of psoriasis, leukemia and ulcerative colitis.
conclusionsIndigo naturalis has a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory and so on. It has very good clinical effect on psoriasis, leukemia and ulcerative colitis. However, it should be noted that long-term use of indigo naturalis may produce some reversible adverse reactions. In summarize, indigo naturalis is an extremely important drug with great value and potential.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.