ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020
Cell Viability and Immune Response to Low Concentrations of Nickel and Cadmium: An In Vitro Model.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond the germ: Rethinking implant-related infections as a host-microbiota-biomaterial ecosystem.Biofilm · 2026Review
- Probabilistic dermal risk assessment for shallow groundwater users in agricultural settings of Saudi Arabia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Polymeric Systems as Hydrogels and Membranes Containing Silver Nanoparticles for Biomedical and Food Applications: Recent Approaches and Perspectives.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of Blood Heavy Metals with Diabetic Foot Ulcers in U.S. Adults with Diabetes: Insights from the 1999-2004 NHANES Data.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Cadmium decreases human gingival fibroblast viability and induces pro-inflammatory response associated with Akt and MAPK pathway activation.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of Cd-Induced Cytotoxicity in Normal Human Skin Keratinocytes: Implication for Human Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Effects of Nickel at Environmentally Relevant Concentrations on Human Corneal Epithelial Cells: Oxidative Damage and Cellular Apoptosis.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Inhalation Bioaccessibility and Risk Assessment of Metals in PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Effects of Vitamins and Micronutrients onJournal of immunology research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Environmental exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals is common in the general population, but the toxicity, immune response mechanisms, and the effects of single and mixed metal exposures have not been clearly identified. In this study, A549 cells and Raw264.7 cells were exposed to low concentrations of the heavy metals nickel (Ni) and cadmium (Cd) for 24, 48, and 72 h, and then cell viability and cytokine levels were analyzed. We found that exposure to low concentrations of Ni (50 nM) or Cd (10 nM) alone did not affect cell viability. However, mixing them together decreased cell viability. In addition, the levels of IL-10, IL-12, and TNF-α decreased with single (only Cd) and mixed (Ni and Cd) exposures. These results show that exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals could affect the normal immune response, even without obvious clinical manifestations. Therefore, chronic exposure to heavy metals might have adverse effects on overall health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.