Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33317003›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2020

Effect of Inter-Observer Variation on the Association between Contamination Hazards and the Microbiological Quality of Water Sources: A Longitudinal Study.

Joseph Okotto-Okotto, Diogo Trajano Gomes da Silva, Emmah Kwoba, Samuel M Thumbi, Peggy Wanza, Weiyu Yu, Jim A Wright

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Joseph Okotto-OkottoVictoria Institute for Research on Environment and Development (VIRED) International, P.O. Box 6423-40103, off Nairobi Road, Rabour, Kisumu, Kenya.
Diogo Trajano Gomes da SilvaSchool of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1971-2799
Emmah KwobaInternational Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709-00100, Naivasha Road, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-7839-5845
Samuel M ThumbiCentre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0002-5754-0556
Peggy WanzaCentre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, P.O. Box 1578-40100, Kisumu, Kenya.
Weiyu YuSchool of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Building 44, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
Jim A WrightSchool of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Building 44, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8842-2181

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/P024920/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Sanitary risk inspection protocols are often used to identify contamination hazards at water sources; however, different observers sometimes struggle to record hazards consistently. This study aimed to assess the effect of inter-observer variation in hazard observations on the strength of relationships between observed hazards and the bacterial contamination of water sources, particularly relationships with animal-related hazards. In a longitudinal study, five surveyors independently recorded hazards at 93 water sources used by 234 households in Siaya County, Kenya, in both wet and dry seasons. One surveyor collected samples from sources for subsequent

Indexed as

Environmental MonitoringObserver VariationWaterWater MicrobiologyWater QualityAnimalsEnterococcaceaeEscherichia coliFecesHumansKenyaLongitudinal StudiesWater SupplyWatercattleenterococcusEscherichia coliKenyawater pollutionwater supply

Identifiers

PMID33317003
PMCPMC7764753

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.