ArticleBrain sciences2020
Anatomical Features of the Deep Cervical Lymphatic System and Intrajugular Lymphatic Vessels in Humans.
Article in Brain sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping Lymphatic Drainage from the Human Brain to the Head and Neck: Potential Surgical Implications for Dementia.Archives of plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Exploring Lymphovenous Anastomosis for Alzheimer Disease: Addressing Brain Lymphatic Dysfunction, Feasibility, and Outcome Metrics.Plastic and reconstructive surgery · 2026Review
- Anatomical characteristics and surgical strategies for skull base involvement from malignant tumors: a pilot observational study.Neurosurgical review · 2026Observational
- Deep cervical lymphovenous reconstruction in Alzheimer's disease: three target-defined interfaces with distinct mechanistic implications.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Deep cervical lymph node analysis in central nervous system inflammatory disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Potential Role of Lymphovenous Bypass in Mitigating Alzheimer's Disease Dementia.Archives of plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Morphological variability of the jugular foramen: a comprehensive anatomical-imaging study emphasizing its compartmentalization.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- Pathologic dural invasion is associated with regional recurrence in olfactory neuroblastoma: A multi-institutional study.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2025Article
- A Proposed Role for Lymphatic Supermicrosurgery in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease: A Primer for Reconstructive Microsurgeons.Archives of plastic surgery · 2025Article
- Functional and Clinical Relevance of the Crosstalk between the Glymphatic System and the Lymphatic System.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Review
- Unvalidated efficacy and significant risks hinder clinical use of deep cervical lymphatic-venous anastomosis for Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis From Medulloblastoma in a Young Adult: Case Report and Literature Review.Cureus · 2024Article
- Glymphatic and lymphatic communication with systemic responses during physiological and pathological conditions in the central nervous system.Communications biology · 2024Review
- Deep cervical lymph nodes in Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinson's disease: A potential ultrasound biomarker for differential diagnosis.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2024Article
- Reply to: The pitfalls of interpreting hyperintense FLAIR signal as lymph outside the human brain.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Microanatomical study of arachnoid granulations and meningeal architecture around Meckel's cave.Neurosurgical review · 2023Article
- Interplay between vascular hemodynamics and the glymphatic system in the pathogenesis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, exploring novel neuroimaging diagnostics.Neurosurgical review · 2022Review
- Editorial: Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Non-invasive MR imaging of human brain lymphatic networks with connections to cervical lymph nodes.Nature communications · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStudies in rodents have re-kindled interest in the study of lymphatics in the central nervous system. Animal studies have demonstrated that there is a connection between the subarachnoid space and deep cervical lymph nodes (DCLNs) through dural lymphatic vessels located in the skull base and the parasagittal area.
objectiveTo describe the connection of the DCLNs and lymphatic tributaries with the intracranial space through the jugular foramen, and to address the anatomical features and variations of the DCLNs and associated lymphatic channels in the neck.
methodsTwelve formalin-fixed human head and neck specimens were studied. Samples from the dura of the wall of the jugular foramen were obtained from two fresh human cadavers during rapid autopsy. The samples were immunostained with podoplanin and CD45 to highlight lymphatic channels and immune cells, respectively.
resultsThe mean number of nodes for DCLNs was 6.91 ± 0.58 on both sides. The mean node length was 10.1 ± 5.13 mm, the mean width was 7.03 ± 1.9 mm, and the mean thickness was 4 ± 1.04 mm. Immunohistochemical staining from rapid autopsy samples demonstrated that lymphatic vessels pass from the intracranial compartment into the neck through the meninges at the jugular foramen, through tributaries that can be called intrajugular lymphatic vessels.
conclusionsThe anatomical features of the DCLNs and their connections with intracranial lymphatic structures through the jugular foramen represent an important possible route for the spread of cancers to and from the central nervous system; therefore, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding of the anatomy of these lymphatic structures and their variations.
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