ReviewJAMA neurology2021
Diagnosis of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis From the Imaging Perspective: A Review.
Review in JAMA neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantifying cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis MRI datasets using multi-contrast post-processing and deep learning.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Rethinking prognosis in multiple sclerosis: a multiaxial perspective.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Optic Nerve Lesion Volume, White Matter Hyperintensities, and Brain Volumetrics in Multiple Sclerosis: A Multi-Sequence MRI-Based Analysis.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- COVID-19 and Radiological Progression of Multiple Sclerosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- From Phenotypes to Spectrum: Rethinking RRMS, SPMS and PPMS in the Era of PIRA-A Framework Integrating PIRA, Smouldering-Associated Worsening, and Neurologic Reserve to Facilitate Earlier Recognition of Progression.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Time-Varying Brain Functional Reconfiguration Patterns Associated With Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis.Human brain mapping · 2026Observational
- The potential of optical coherence tomography angiography in progressive multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Modulation of the immunological and neuroinflammatory microenvironment in older people with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- AI-driven reclassification of multiple sclerosis progression.Nature medicine · 2025Article
- Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Impairment in Primary and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Cohort-Similar Progressive MS Phenotype.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The use of high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: recommendations from an expert Delphi consensus.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- The Role of MRI Lesions in Identifying Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.European journal of translational myology · 2025Article
- Diffusion- and Tractography-Based Characterization of Tissue Damage Within and Surrounding Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2025Article
- Towards a Unified Set of Diagnostic Criteria for Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Upper cervical spinal cord atrophy in MS: Sex, menopause, and neurodegeneration.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- MRI versus relapse: optimal activity monitoring for management of progressive multiple sclerosis.Brain communications · 2025Article
- Enhancing classification of active and non-active lesions in multiple sclerosis: machine learning models and feature selection techniques.BMC medical imaging · 2024Article
- Current and future role of MRI in the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple sclerosis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 15 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful for monitoring disease dissemination in space and over time and excluding multiple sclerosis (MS) mimics, there has been less application of MRI to progressive MS, including diagnosing primary progressive (PP) MS and identifying patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) MS who are at risk of developing secondary progressive (SP) MS. This review addresses clinical application of MRI for both diagnosis and prognosis of progressive MS. Observations: Although nonspecific, some spinal cord imaging features (diffuse abnormalities and lesions involving gray matter [GM] and ≥2 white matter columns) are typical of PPMS. In patients with PPMS and those with relapse-onset MS, location of lesions in critical central nervous system regions (spinal cord, infratentorial regions, and GM) and MRI-detected high inflammatory activity in the first years after diagnosis are risk factors for long-term disability and future progressive disease course. These measures are evaluable in clinical practice. In patients with established MS, GM involvement and neurodegeneration are associated with accelerated clinical worsening. Subpial demyelination and slowly expanding lesions are novel indicators of progressive MS. Conclusions and Relevance: Diagnosis of PPMS is more challenging than diagnosis of RRMS. No qualitative clinical, immunological, histopathological, or neuroimaging features differentiate PPMS and SPMS; both are characterized by imaging findings reflecting neurodegeneration and are also impacted by aging and comorbidities. Unmet diagnostic needs include identification of MRI markers capable of distinguishing PPMS from RRMS and predicting the evolution of RRMS to SPMS. Integration of multiple parameters will likely be essential to achieve these aims.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.